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Computer Network - CS610 Power Point Slides Lecture 28

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) allows devices on a local network to dynamically map IP addresses to hardware addresses. ARP uses request and response messages containing both IP and hardware addresses to associate addresses. Responses are cached to reduce network traffic from repeated lookups. ARP operates at the network interface layer, hiding addressing details from higher layers that use only IP addresses.

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Ibrahim Choudary
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79 views

Computer Network - CS610 Power Point Slides Lecture 28

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) allows devices on a local network to dynamically map IP addresses to hardware addresses. ARP uses request and response messages containing both IP and hardware addresses to associate addresses. Responses are cached to reduce network traffic from repeated lookups. ARP operates at the network interface layer, hiding addressing details from higher layers that use only IP addresses.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Choudary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NETWORKS

CS610
Lecture-28
Hammad Khalid Khan
Review Lecture 27
 Protocol Addresses and Packet Delivery

 Address Resolution

 Address Resolution Techniques


– Table Lookup
– Closed-Form Computation
– Dynamic Message Exchange
Address Resolution Techniques
Address Resolution Protocol
 TCP/IP can use any of the three address resolution method
depending on the addressing scheme used by the underlying
hardware

 To guarantee that all computers agree on the exact format


and meaning of message used to resolve addresses, the
TCP/IP protocol suite includes an Address Resolution
Protocol (ARP)
Address Resolution Protocol
 The ARP standard defines two basic message types:
 Request
– Contains an IP address and requests the corresponding
hardware address
 Response
– Contains both the IP address sent in the request and the
hardware address
ARP Message Delivery
ARP Message Format

 Although the ARP message format is sufficiently general to


allow arbitrary protocol and hardware addresses:

– ARP almost always used to bind a 32-bit IP address to a


48-bit Ethernet address
ARP Message Format
Sending An ARP Message

 When one computer sends an ARP message to another, the


message travels inside the hardware frame.

 Technically, placing a message inside a frame for transport is


called encapsulation.
Sending An ARP Message
Identifying ARP responses

 How does a computer know whether an incoming frame


contains an ARP message?

 The type field in the frame header specifies that the frame
contains an ARP message.

 The Ethernet standard species that the type field in an


Ethernet frame carrying an ARP message must contain the
hexadecimal value 0x806.
Identifying ARP responses
Caching ARP Responses
 Although message exchange can be used to bind addresses,
sending a request for each binding is hopelessly inefficient.

 To reduce network traffic, ARP software extracts and saves


the information from a response so it can be used for
subsequent packets.

 ARP manages the Table as a cache short term storage.


Processing an incoming ARP Message

 When an ARP message arrives, the protocol specifies that


the receiver must perform two basic steps:

 First, the receiver extracts the sender’s address binding and


checks to see if it is present in the cache.
 If not, it updates the cache.
Processing an incoming ARP Message

 The receiver examines the operation field of the message to


determine whether the message is a request or a response.
– If the message is a request, the receiver compares the
field TARGET PADDR with the local protocol address.
– If the two are identical, the computer is the target of the
request and must send an ARP response.
Layering, Address Resolution, Protocol
Addresses

 Address resolution (ARP) is a network interface layer


function.

 Protocol addresses used in all higher layers.

 Hides ugly details and allows generality in upper layers.


Layering, Address Resolution, Protocol
Addresses
Summary

 Address Resolution Protocol

 ARP Message Delivery & Format

 Identifying and Caching ARP Responces

 Layering, Address Resolution, Protocol Addresses

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