PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT

Review the Paragraph of Narration…

• It was late spring the last time we saw Ross. He was
standing at the edge of the hill, and he never so much
as looked up even though we were sure he knew we
were there. There was a bunch of flowers clutched to
his fist, but there really was no reason for him to be
standing there. We knew that Carrie wasn't coming to
see him. But he stood there anyway, waiting, even as
the afternoon sunlight deepened towards the evening.
He must have been standing there for hours.
Review the Paragraph of Narration…
• It was late spring the last time we saw Ross. He was
standing at the edge of the hill, and he never so much
as looked up even though we were sure he knew we
were there. There was a bunch of flowers clutched to
his fist, but there really was no reason for him to be
standing there. We knew that Carrie wasn't coming to
see him. But he stood there anyway, waiting, even as
the afternoon sunlight deepened towards the evening.
He must have been standing there for hours.
 Another…
• The most embarrassing moment of my sophomore year was how I earned my
nick name, Crash. It all started right after school when I turned on to the busiest
street by the school. First, I pulled up right behind this truck at a stop sign. After
a second, a fellow older student told me that I was really close and that I was
going to hit the truck in front of me. At the moment, I was trying to tell the kid
that I was giving a ride to get back in the car because he was hanging out the
window. Since I was distracted, I thought the long line of traffic had started to
move, but it hadn’t. In the blink of an eye I hit the back of the truck in front of
me. The devastation sunk in. I was so worried that I damaged the truck, but all
that I did was scratch his bumper. Lucky for him! Then it came the time to look
at my car. My car was ruined. The hood was buckled, the front end was pushed
back, and my headlights were broken. Humiliated and scared, I still had to drive
my car home. During school that year, I never did hear the end of what happened
that day.
 Another…
• The most embarrassing moment of my sophomore year was how I earned my
nick name, Crash. It all started right after school when I turned on to the busiest
street by the school. First, I pulled up right behind this truck at a stop sign. After
a second, a fellow older student told me that I was really close and that I was
going to hit the truck in front of me. At the moment, I was trying to tell the kid
that I was giving a ride to get back in the car because he was hanging out the
window. Since I was distracted, I thought the long line of traffic had started to
move, but it hadn’t. In the blink of an eye I hit the back of the truck in front of
me. The devastation sunk in. I was so worried that I damaged the truck, but all
that I did was scratch his bumper. Lucky for him! Then it came the time to look
at my car. My car was ruined. The hood was buckled, the front end was pushed
back, and my headlights were broken. Humiliated and scared, I still had to drive
my car home. During school that year, I never did hear the end of what happened
that day.
2. Paragraph by Description
• It uses sensory details such as sights, sounds, smells, tastes, feelings
and textures to create images in the reader’s mind.
• Often uses spatial order to create a clear visual image of a person,
place, object, scene.
• Descriptive transition words signal that the details follow a logical
order based on one or more of the following:
1. The arrangement in space of a person, place, object, scene.
2. The starting point from which the writer chooses to begin the
description.
3. The time frame as relevant to the description.
Two Kinds of Descriptive Paragraph
*1. Objective Description – describes something without conveying the
writer’s own emotions.
- is used in technical/scientific writing but can also be used
in other kinds of writing.
-Example is when detectives cover crime scenes and has to
write clear reports of their observation.
*2. Subjective Description – conveys feelings and emotions about a person,
place or thing.
- subjective description contain specific details.
- Just like the line “it was dark and lonely night”. This help
us imagine the kind of night it was.
What type of descriptive paragraph is this?
• O’Leno is a good example of a state park in
Florida. Surrounded by the tall shaded woods of
a beautiful hardwood forest, the Santa Fe River
disappears in a large, slowly swirling, tree-lined
pool. After appearing intermittently in scattered
sinkholes, the river rise three miles down
streaming a boil, then continues on to meet the
Suwannee and the sea.
How about this?
• It was May 17, 2015, and Koonoo, then 36 , had
been out of communication range since the 13th.
People were surely searching for him, he
reasoned, but what were the chances they
could find him and his broken snowmobile,
alone in a bleak, snowy expanse just above the
Arctic Circle?
Keypoints to Remember in Writing a Descriptive Paragraph:
• Be alert with your senses. Focus and commit yourself on the particular
thing, place, person, or other object to describe.
• Decide which single impression you will emphasize – peace, disorder,
confusion, tension, excitement, gloom.
• Select details that will help convey the desired description.
• Put things first. Select the best details and drop the unpleasant ones.
• Be brief and accurate.
• Use vivid, specific words. Avoid general words like nice, fine, lonely.
• Use comparisons.
• Use transitional devices as guideposts, phrases like on the right, just
beyond, in the distance.
To Do…
• For each subject below, write a sentence that describes each of the
following pictures in sensory and descriptive terms.
Example: Sunset – The sunset is full of bright and lovely colors that form
during twilight.

Complete it with Touch, Smell, Taste, Sight and Sound…

End…
Study this example…
• Anger is having a feeling of hatred toward someone or
something. It is one of our basic emotions and can be
the most dangerous if it is not carefully controlled. A
person can become angry when he cannot fulfil some
basic needs or desire that is important to him. For
example, a child may become angry when he cannot
play outside with his friends. An adult may become
angry when he does not receive a raise in pay that he
expected.
Paragraph by Definition
• Explains what a term means.
• Generally, it begins by citing the general class to which the term
belongs followed by the particulars to differentiate the term from the
other members of the class providing clear details to support the
term’s definition.
• Example: Define the word “WHALE”, you might start by saying it is an
aquatic animal. Then you can talk about its size, shape, varieties,
environment, breeding habits, and so on.
Read this paragraph. Try to determine the general class to
which the subject belongs; then find specifics that distinguish it
from the other members of the class.

• The viola is a stringed instrument in the violin

family. It is only slightly larger than the violin and
is tuned at a lower pitch. Like its smaller relative,
the viola is held on the shoulder under the chin
and is played with a bow. While the violin has
many uses, the viola is used mainly in orchestral
and chamber music.
Types of Definition:
• 1. Formal Definition – it includes three elements.
*Term –word being defined.
*Class – refers to the big group to which the term belongs.
* Differentiating Features – the word or phrase that makes it
different with the others from the same class.
EXAMPLES:
Science is a field of study which attempts to describe and understand
the nature of the universe in whole or part.
Scientific Writing is a form of writing that is based on actual and
relevant studies.
• 2. Informal Definition – three common informal definitions:
* Operational Definitions – give the meaning of an abstract word
for one particular time and place.
Example: An excellent score when you get more than 95%.
*Synonyms – or words that mean the same as another word.
Example: A student’s intelligence is measured by using
intelligent quotient (IQ) test.
* Denotation – is the exact meaning of the word.
Example: Kindness is the quality of being friendly and generous.
*Connotation – is an idea or meaning suggested by or associated
with a word or thing.
Example: The autumn leaves were falling in the courtyard.
* Function – how something works.
Example: A grinder is used to cut metals.
* Negation – what it is not or what is lacking.
Example: An Estero is not a river but an extension of a lost part of a river.
* Example – giving examples illustrating what the term means can be
highly effective.
* Etymology – giving definitions through origins.
Example: A Wimp comes from the term “wimple” which refers to a
headscarf women wore in Europe.
*Its Effect – discussing the effects the subject produces is important with
certain subjects or in certain contexts.
Example: In an essay on global warming, a definition of CO2 emissions
emphasizing the consequences of these emissions to the
environment would be important.
• It is a definition sentence which extended into a paragraph by adding
meanings, descriptions, narrations and other kinds of paragraph
development to make clear the term being defined.
• It starts with a definition sentence which is used as a topic sentence
then each group/class in the definition is developed into supporting
sentences and concluding statement.