液压助力转向系统

Hydraulic Power Steering System

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 培训内容Training Content

• 动力转向系统概述
Power Steering System Outline
• 动力转向系统结构及工作原理
Power Steering System Structure and principle
• 动力转向系统检查与故障排除
Power Steering System Overhaul and
Troubleshooting
• 动力转向系统使用注意事项
Power Steering System Opergangation Notice

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I. 动力转向系统概述Power Steering System Outline

有两种方法来获得动力转向的转向操作力There are
two ways that can be used to obtain the
steering force of the power steering
system:
一种是使用发动机功率的液压装置One is to use
the hydraulic mechanism powered by engine;
另一种是使用电动机功率的装置。and the other
is to use the mechanism powered by
electric motor.

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II. 结构与原理Structure and Work Principle

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1. 助力转向结构Power Steering Structure

（1）贮液罐 Oil reservior

• 贮液罐供应动力转向液压油。贮液罐上有相
应的液面标准刻度线。如果贮液罐中的液位
低于标准液位，叶轮泵就会吸入空气，造成
运行故障。The oil reservior supplies
the hydraulic oil for the power
steering system. On the cover of the
oil reservior is mounted with lines
that show the fluid height. If the oil
level in the oil reservior is lower
than the standard oil level, the
impeller pump will suck into the air,
resulting in the operation failure.

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（2）泵体Pump body
• 叶轮泵在发动机曲轴皮带轮的驱动下，
将液压油加压后送到转向机构。叶轮泵
的输出油量和发动机的转速成正比，但
送至转向机的油量则由流量控制阀来调
节，多余的油流回吸入一侧。 The
impeller pump, under the drive of
the engine crankshaft, transfers
the oil to the steering mechanism
after pressurizing . The oil output
of the impeller pump is in
proportion to the engine speed, but
the oil transferred to the steering
gear is regulated by the flow
control valve, and the excessive
oil returns to the sucking side.

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（3） Flow control valve流量控制阀
• 流量控制阀用于调节叶轮泵对转向机的输油量。不论叶轮泵的转速
有多大，流量控制阀都将输至转向机的油量保持不变。The flow
control valve is used to regulate the oil output from the
impeller pump to the steering gear. No matter how fast the
impeller pump runs, the flow control valve will keep the
oil flow transferred to the steering gear in a constant
level.
（4）控制滑阀Control slide valve
转向机壳中的控制阀（滑阀和套筒式滑阀），决
定来自叶轮泵的液压油流至加力缸的哪个油腔，
控制阀轴通过扭杆与小齿轮相连。The control
valve (slide valve and sleeve valve) in the
steering gear housing decides which oil
cavity of the power cylinder the hydraulic
oil from the impeller pump flows to, and
the control valve shaft connects with the
pinion through the torsion rod.
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（5）转向机壳-加力缸Steering gear housing-power cylinder

Control valve shaft

To oil reservior

From impeller pump

Sealing ring

Sealing ring
Sealing ring

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2.工作原理The work principle
正向前方位置The front position
• 来自叶轮泵的液压油输送至控制阀时，
如果控制阀处于中间位置，所有的液
压油便会流过控制阀，进入出油口，
流回叶轮泵。这时，几乎不能产生压力，
加力缸活塞两端的压力相等，活塞便不会朝任何一个方向运动
。When the hydraulic oil of the impeller pump is
transferred to the control valve, and if the control
valve is in the middle position, all the hydraulic
oil will flow through the control valve to the
outlet port, and return to the impeller pump. At
this time, nearly no pressure is produced. The
pressure at both sides of the power cylinder is
equal, and the piston cannot move to either
direction.
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转向时的位置The position during steering
• 当主转向轴朝任一方向转动时，控制
阀也随之移动，从而关闭其中一条油路。
这时，另一条油路打开得大些，使液压
油流量发生变化，同时产生压力。这样，
便会在加力缸活塞两端产生压力差，活
塞朝低压方向运动，从而将压力缸中的
液压油，通过控制阀压回叶轮泵。When the main steering axle
turns to either direction, the control valve also moves
correspondingly to cut off one of the oil circuits. At
this time, the other oil circuit is opened up widely,
which varies the hydraulic oil flow rate, and produces a
certain pressure at the same time. Thus, a pressure
difference is produced at both sides of the power cylinder
to push the piston move to the lower pressure side, and
thus push the hydraulic oil in the power cylinder through
the control valve back to the impeller pump.
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 III. 转向系统检查与故障排除
Inspection and Troubleshooting
1. 漏油Oil leakage

漏油部位Oil leakage position

漏油部位应从以下几个部位判
定。In case of oil leakage
of the steering pump, the
following positions should
be checked and judged:
1、出油口部位Oil outlet port
position
2、进油口部位Oil inlet port
position
3、体盖间部位Body cover
position
4、轴头部位Axle head
position
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 出油口部位漏油的判定和维修

• 陈旧油渍，无发展现象，属于正常
-无需维修
• 触摸该部位，无明显湿度，属于正常
-无需维修
• 密封铜垫处漏油不属于转向泵质量问题
-更换密封铜垫（按规定力矩拧紧空心螺栓）
• 出油接头和泵体间漏油
-更换转向泵
• 出油口附近油堵漏油
-更换转向泵

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 进油口部位漏油判定和维修

• 陈旧油渍，无发展现象，属于正常
-无需更换
• 触摸该部位，无明显湿度，属于正常
-无需更换
• 进油胶管和泵进油管间漏油
-检查胶管夹子弹力是否正常
-再检查进油胶管是否老化或破损
• 油壶本身或油壶与进油管连接部位漏油
可能流到转向泵上
-更换故障件
• 排除以上故障依然漏油
-更换转向泵

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 轴头部位漏油的判定和维修

• 陈旧油渍，无发展现象，属于正常—无需更换
• 触摸该部位，无明显湿度，属于正常—无需更换
• 观察有油液渗出—更换转向泵

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2.转向沉重Heavy steering
1）将转向节臂与传动杆系分开，转动转向节臂。如
转动涩滞，可能是球节损坏。Separate the
steering knuckle arm from the drive link
system, and turn the steering knuckle arm to
and fro. If it does not feel smooth, the
ball joint may be damaged.
2）主销后倾角过大也可能造成转向沉重。Oversized
caster angle of the kingpin may result in
the heavy steering.
3）动力转向系统故障。The fault of the power
steering system.

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3. 诊断流程图Diagnosis flow chart
Check the air pressure of the tyre Low Charge appropriately

Check the power steering mechanism

Loose
Check the steering belt Adjust or replace

Two low
Check the hydraulic oil level Check for oil leakage, refill or repair

Check the hydraulic oil for emulsification or bubbles Serious

Exhaust (or replace the hydraulic oil)

Incorrect
Power steering mechanism fails to function Repair or replace

Too big friction

Check the steering drive link system Replace the damaged parts

Too big friction

Check the ball joint Replace

Curved/damaged
Check the suspension arm Replace

Incorrect
Check the vehicle height Adjust or repair

Incorrect
Check the wheel alignment Adjust

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1）检查皮带张紧力
Check the tension degree
of the belt
• 新New belt: 5-6/98 mm/N
Correct Wrong Wrong
• 旧Old belt: 6-8/98 mm/N
• 新New belt:在运行的发动机上，
使用不超过5分钟的皮带。
refers to the belt that has been
used no more than 5 minutes on Power steering pump

the running engine.

• 旧Old belt:在运行的发动机上使
用超过5分钟的皮带。 refers to
the belt that has been used more
than 5 minutes on the running
engine.

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2）检查液位Check the liquid level
• 使车辆保持水平Keep the vehicle on a level ground
• 升高液温 Increase the temperature使发动机以不超过1000rpm的怠
速运转，将转向盘从一极限至另一极限位置反复转动几次，以提
高液压温度。Run the engine at the idle speed of no more
than 1000rpm, and turn the steering wheel repeatedly from
one limit position to the other to increase the hydraulic
temperature.
• 检查液压油中有无发泡或乳化现象
Check if there is any bubbles or emulsification
phenomenon existing in the hydraulic oil
• 检查贮液罐中的液位高度
检查液位高度，根据需要添加液压油。
Check the liquid level in the oil reservior
Check the liquid level, refill the hydraulic
oil as required.

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3）转向力检查Check the steering force
汽车停放在水平路面上，方向盘放置在平直向前位置Place the
vehicle on a level ground, and ensure the straight and
forward position of the wheels by turning the steering wheel.
检查轮胎充气压力是否符合指定要求（参阅轮胎指示）。
Check the air pressure of the tyres for compliance with the
specified requirement (refer to the tyre instruction)
起动发动机并怠速运行。Start the engine and run at idle speed.
测量两个方向的转向力。Measure the steering force in both
directions.
转向力(参考）
The steering force(for reference):
小于7N.m should be smaller than 7N.m.

提示：判断前应考虑轮胎的类型、压力
和接触表面。
Notice: the type, pressure and contact
surface of the tyre should be considered before judgement.
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4）助力转向液更换Replace the power steering fluid
• 动力转向油Power steering fluid：DEXRON®-ⅢC-
4/MERCON-V（严禁混用mixture is prohibited）。
• 用千斤顶撑起汽车前部，用支架撑好Prop up the vehicle
from the front with a jack and support with a
bracket.
• 从油罐上取下液压油回流软管，将液压油排入容器Remove
the hydraulic oil return hose from the oil
reservior and drain the hydraulic oil into a
container.
• 使发动机怠速运转，在排出液压油的同时，将转向盘从一
极限转至另一极限Run the engine at the idle speed.
Turn the steering wheel from one limit position to
the other while draining the hydraulic oil.
• 将发动机熄火Turn off the engine.

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4）助力转向液更换Replace the power steering fluid

• 将新液压油注入油罐 Refill the oil reservior with

new hydraulic oil
• 起动发动机，使其以1000rpm的转速运转在1-2sec之后，
液压油便开始从回流软管排出，这时应立即将发动机熄火
Start the engine to run at the rev of 1000rpm
one to two seconds later, the hydraulic oil starts
to flow out of the return hose.
• 将前两项重复4—5次，直至液压油中无空气为止Repeat
the first two steps for 4 or 5 times until no air
in the hydraulic oil.
• 将回流软管接回油罐Connect the return hose back to
the oil reservior.
• 排出动力转向系统中的空气Eliminate the air out of
the power steering system.

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 5）助力转向系统排气Eliminate the air
• 检查液罐中的液位,根据需要添加液压油.Check the liquid level
in the oil reservior, refill the hydraulic oil as required.

• 起动发动机，将方向盘从一极限位置至另一极限转动3—4次,发动
机转速低1000rpm.Start the engine, and turn the steering
wheel from one limit position to the other for 3 to 4
times. The rev of the engine should be lower than 1000rpm.

• 检查油罐，液压油不应有起泡或混浊现象。发动机熄火时，液压油
位也不应超过上限,在发动机运转时，测量油位。停机后，再次测
量油位。Check the oil reservior for bubbles or turbidity
phenomenon. When the engine is turned off, the hydraulic
oil level should not exceed the upper limit. Measure the
oil level while the engine is running and repeat the
measurement after the engine is turned off.最大升幅The
maximum increasing height: 5mm.

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 IV. 使用注意事项 Steering System Operation Notice

1.转向盘不要长时间的处于左右极限位置Do not keep the steering

wheel at left or right limit position for a long time .因
为在极限位置动力转向系统消耗功率最大，系统液压最大，对系统
密封性影响大。Because the power steering system consumes
the biggest power when the steering wheel is at the limit
position, the system hydraulic pressure reaches the
maximum point, which will affect the sealing performance
of the system.
2.检查动力转向油泵驱动皮带：1次/月Check the drive belt of the
power steering oil pump: by once/month
3.当动力转向系统失效后，机械转向仍能正常工作。 When the power
steering system fails to function, the mechanical steering
can still work normally.

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 For Mutual
Communication