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Shopping malls have significantly impacted shopping and social habits. They now serve as the primary shopping destination in many developed areas, consolidating various stores and services into a single indoor location accessible by car. While malls provide conveniences, they have also negatively affected smaller local businesses and increased environmental issues like pollution.

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254 views

Summary

Shopping malls have significantly impacted shopping and social habits. They now serve as the primary shopping destination in many developed areas, consolidating various stores and services into a single indoor location accessible by car. While malls provide conveniences, they have also negatively affected smaller local businesses and increased environmental issues like pollution.

Uploaded by

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reading and Writing Development II

SUMMA
Week 6
Prepared by Mdm Maizatul Faranaz
RY
WHAT A summary is a shortened
passage, which retains the
essential information of
IS the original.

SUMM It is a fairly brief


restatement --- in your

ARY? own words ---of the


contents of a passage.
Is much shorter than the original

Can be understood without reference to the original

CHARACTE Contains only the main ideas or information of the


original
RISTICS OF Brief without any unnecessary detail
A GOOD
SUMMARY : Is a readable unified whole

Does not include minor details or repeated details

Does not include your own ideas and opinion


TECHNIQUES IN
SUMMARY
WRITING
1.Paraphrasing
To paraphrase means to completely and correctly express other people’s
ideas in one’s own words.
1. You’ve cooked us all a hot potato. (a troublesome person or
issue)

2. Prevention is better than cure. (It is better to prevent something


unpleasant from happening than try to put it right afterwards.)
★It helps us understand the
original better.
THE
IMPORTA ★It helps us grasp the
NCE OF central idea and the main
points.
PARAPHR
ASING
★It helps us write summaries
that are brief and to the
point, and in our own words.
2. Ways of condensation
A. Use synonyms or synonymous phrases
He had a good command of English. (He knew English well.)

B. Change the structure of simple sentences


My brother has an appreciation of modern art. (My brother
appreciates modern art.)
C. Turn complex sentences into simple sentences
He received a welcome that was as cold as ice.
(He received an icy welcome.)

4. Combine the sentences


Hurry up. If you don’t, you’ll miss the train.
(Hurry up or you’ll miss the train.)
SUMMARY WORDS
A summary word or phrase names a general idea that has several examples or
parts.

Example:
 One morning, Ayoko decided to make some egg salad. First, she boiled the water. Then she
added a drop of vinegar and six eggs. She boiled them for ten minutes. After that, she placed
the eggs in some cold water. Then, she peeled the eggs and chopped them. Finally she added
some mayonnaise and chopped celery and the salad was ready. The whole process had
taken about an hour.
 The whole process is a summary phrase that refers to all the steps in making egg salad.
EXERCISE
Write a summary word or phrase for each list.

baseball Malaria Uranus

basketball Tuberculosis Jupiter

tennis Scarlet fever Earth

football Measles Mercury


SUMMARISING A
SENTENCE
When you summarise a sentence, you make it shorter.
Use summary words and phrases to take the place of groups of words about the
same topic.
Leave out descriptive words such as adjectives or adverbs and keep only the
words that tell the main point of the sentence.
Example:

 The tall cowboy put the saddle on his horse, untied him from the fence, wave
good bye and rode off into the sunset.

 Summary : The cowboy left.


EXERCISE
Summarise these sentences using summary words and phrases.

1. After she turned on the oven, Yuki mixed the sugar, flour, eggs, milk, oil and vanilla in the
mixer, poured the batter into the buttered pans, and put the cake in the oven.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. As the bus rolled into her hometown, Liz looked around at the familiar streets and shops
that she had not seen for two years.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Jack put on his coat, picked up his briefcase from the table near the door, put out the cat,
and got ready for his ten-minute walk to the bus stop.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. When the Tan family returned from their vacation, they found the back door broken open,
the television set missing, and all the food in their freezer gone.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. In Natasha’s library you can find mysteries, novels, biographies, gravel books, how-to
manuals, Science fiction thrillers and reference books.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. With her new credit card, Jasmine bought groceries at the supermarket, shoes at the
department store, and a new set of tires for her sports car at the auto supply store.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. During the summer along the Charles River in Boston, you can go walking, in-line skating,
jogging, hiking and bicycling or you can have a picnic while listening to an outdoor concert
or watching a movie.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. After clearing away the old leaves and branches, Jeff dug up the hard ground, mixed
fertiliser and new soil, raked it all smooth and planted the seeds.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
A paragraph summary should be as short as
possible and it must be a complete sentence.

SUMMAR It should also express the main point in as few


ISING A words as possible.

PARAGR If the paragraph has a topic sentence, does it state


APH the main idea of the paragraph? if so, you can use
it for your summary. Just make it short using
summary words.

If the topic sentence is not a good statement of the


main idea, write a main idea and then make it
shorter using summary words.
Example
Shopping malls have produced a revolution in shopping and living habits in
many industrialised countries. Before 1950, there were no malls, but now
almost every city or region in industrialised countries has at least one. In fact,
shopping malls have become a part of daily life. Many people think of them as
social centers. In a way, malls have taken the place of the main streets of a town
or city. Shops and services that were once spread over several city blocks are
now in one place at the mall.
Topic sentence: Shopping malls have produced a revolution in shopping and
living habits in many industrialised countries.
Summary sentence :
EXERCISE
Although every shopping mall is a bit different in design, shoppers often
feel comfortable in anew mall. That is because malls share certain
features. You can almost always find most of the following: a department
store, a pharmacy, a toy store, a bookshop, clothing shops for all ages,
shoe shops and places to eat. These businesses are all under one roof.
Most malls are enclosed so that shoppers never have to go outdoors once
they get to the mall.
Summary :
Malls are not exactly alike, however. In a suburb of a large city,the local
malls may be large and beautiful. It may be several stories high, housing
as many as fifty businesses. These can range from small specialty shops
to luxury department stores. The roofs of these malls are sometimes
made of glass and there may be a courtyard with plants and fountains. In
a poor, rural town, however, the local mall may be plain and rather small.
It may offer only essential shopping and services, such as a supermarket,
a pizza parlor, a card and gift shop, a Laundromat, and a bank. All the
shops are generally on one level and the interior of the mall is plain and
undecorated.
Summary :
While shopping malls have changed life in the modern world, not all of
their effects have been positive. Most of the shops and services found in
the malls are parts of large corporations. These businesses take away
customer from smaller shops in nearby towns, forcing them to close. That
has led to fewer individually owned business and less local control over
jobs. In addition, malls are harmful to the environment. They are often
build on land that is important to the survival of birds and wild animals.
Finally, they are usually built far away from the city or town center. This
means that people must drive their car to the mall, resulting in increased
air pollution and heavy traffic on nearby roads.
Summary :

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