Presented by-

VASI UDDIN SIDDIQUI

GD-5405
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY,
ALIGARH U.P

Mg-MOF-74
Contents:-
 Introduction
 Climate Change and CO2 Emission
 Research Motivation and Objective
 Approach and Methodology
 Conclusions
 References

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 Introduction:-

 The award of Nobel Prize to Charles J Pedersen, Donald J Cram and Jean-Marie Lehn
in 1987 marked the emergence of a new branch of chemistry, namely supramolecular
chemistry.

“Chemistry beyond the molecule”

…… LEHN Says 3
“The understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal
packing and the utilization of such interactions in the design of new solids
with desiredphysical and chemical properties”
According to GAUTAM R DESIRAJU
Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit,
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

“MOF is a porous crystal or say porous sponges with ultrahigh

porosity and enormous internal surfacearea”
According to Omar Yaghi
Chemistry Professor, UC Berkeley
Director, Molecular Foundry, Berkeley Lab
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MOF basics: MOF= Metal Organic Frameworks; organic-inorganic
hybrid materials
Metal centre or Linker Metal Organic
cluster (organic part) Framework
(inorganic part) (coordination polymer)

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Climate Change and CO2 Emission
 About 69 % of all CO2emissions and 60% of all
Greenhouse gas emissions are energy related.
 It is expected that the energy consumption will
increase by 57 % by 2030 according to the
Energy Information Administration (EIA).
 Approximately 60 % of global warming effects
are attributed to carbon dioxide emission.

There are two potential sources of carbon dioxide

emission-

I.Fossil fuelled power plants,

II.Transportation

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 Carbon Capture and Sequestration/Storage/geosequestration
Separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from major industrial sources and its deep
geological storage, safely and permanently deep underground.
 CCS is currently the only technology that will allow us to decrease greenhouse gas
emissions.

How does Carbon Capture Work

• Currently carbon capture or carbon

dioxide capture is carried out using
amine scrubbing.

• Over 50 million tonnes of CO2 are

currently stored geologically every
year around the world, often as
part of oil recovery operations.

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A simplified overview of the carbon capture and storage process.

CAPTURE TRANSPORT STORAGE

85-90 %

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 Research Motivation and Objective
 Explore the possibility of another form of carbon capture i.e. Molecular Organic
Frameworks - and their potential impact in lowering the parasitic energy cost inherent
in carbon capture.

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Metal-Organic Frameworks are a possible path to follow to solve the parasitic
energy problem.
I. With comparatively low specific heats
II. High selectivity
III. The possibility of tunablility
Metal-organic frameworks could be the material that makes clean coal a reality.

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 Approach and Methodology:-
 Removal of CO2 from gas streams: flue gas (4-14%), natural gas (2-50%)

 Present technology: Amine scrubbing

in an aqueous solution-
 Weaknesses:
corrosivity
low surface area
pure water needed
high energy cost

 Solid sorbents! Can a better

process be developed based
on solid sorbents?
 Possible weaknesses:
Heat transfer,
Sorbent cost (?),
powder transfer or gas switching (?)

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 Why MOFs?
 A number of modified
mesoporous materials
have been studied as CO2
absorbents
 Advantages of MOFs
 Highly crystalline
 Similar to zeolites
 Highly porous
 Much more advantage
over nanoparticles.

• A MOF material has the world record in powder specific surface area: >6000 m2/g!

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 Design and synthesis of MOFs
MOF’s have been synthesized in two ways-
1. Conventional method i.e. Solvo-thermal techniques, crystals are grown with
metal and organic building blocks in organic solvents, generally at 80-130 °C

2. Unconventional method i.e. Mechanochemical methods, grinding, to produce Quantitative yields of

small MOF particles can be obtained in short reaction times, normally in the range of 10-60 min.

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MOFs of the present study:

“Open metal site MOFs preferentially adsorb carbon dioxide over nitrogen or
methane”

“e.g. Mg-MOF-74 with its unique pyramidal geometry is especially selective for
carbon dioxide over other greenhouse gases and has an exceptionally large storage
capacity.”
……. Jeff Kortright
Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division.

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Conclusions:-
 In order to develop sustainable and renewable energy sources we need a way to
decarbonize our current infrastructure and i.e. what metal-organic frameworks can do.
 India is the world’s third-largest coal consumer. Coal accounts for 62% of the country’s
energy supply and its use is expected to grow rapidly (IEA, 2007).
 Nearly 75% of the coal produced in India is used in electricity generation, the
remainder being used in the steel, cement, and fertiliser industries.
 While coal will never be a "green" technology we can at least make it less brown.
 Apart from all this the MOF have several number of applications like-
Drug Storage and Delivery
Hydrogen storage
Separations
And the researches are going on………

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 References:-
1. www.ias.ac.in/pubs/splpubs/pjubileebook/35.pdf
2. Carbon dioxide capture-related gas adsorption and separation in metal-organic frameworks ;Jian-Rong
Li a, Yuguang Mab, M. Colin McCarthyb, Julian Sculleya, Jiamei Yub,c,Hae-Kwon Jeongb,c, Perla B.
Balbuenab,c, Hong-Cai Zhoua,c.
3. http://www.co2crc.com.au/dls/factsheets/What%20is_CCS.pdf
4. http://www.co2crc.com.au/dls/factsheets/Chemistry_of_solvent.pdf
5. Sathre, R.; Masanet, E. Prospective life-cycle modeling of a carbon capture and storage system using
metal-organic frameworks for carbon dioxide capture. RSC Adv., 2013, 3, 4964-4975.
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage
7. http://sciencereview.berkeley.edu/read/fall-2012/mofiosos/
8. http://jobs.sgsna.com/sites/sgs/images/sp-automotive-img.jpg
9. http://www.sadgurupublications.com/ContentPaper/2012/1_134_ACPI_2(2)2012_P.pdf
10. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CCS_2008.pdf
11. Synthesis of metal-organic frameworks: A mini review,Yu-Ri Lee, Jun Kim, and Wha-Seung
Ahn†Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30(9), 1667-1680 (2013) DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0140-6

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12. www.ias.ac.in/pubs/splpubs/pjubileebook/35.pdf
13. Liu et al. Recent advances in carbon dioxide capture with metal-organic frameworks. Greenhouse Gas Sci.
Technol. 2:239-259 (2012)
14. Crystal engineering: A brief overview GAUTAM R DESIRAJU,J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 122, No. 5, September
2010, pp. 667–675
15. http://certifiedsolar.net/uncategorized/feature/the-water-cost-of-carbon-capture/
16. http://sciencereview.berkeley.edu/read/fall-2012/mofiosos/
17. http://www.co2crc.com.au/aboutccs/capture
18. http://www.co2crc.com.au/dls/factsheets/What%20is_CCS.pdf
19. http://research.che.tamu.edu/groups/Seminario/nanotechnology/U4metal%20Organic%20Frameworks.pptx

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It was “maybe a useless compound in the sense that it’s not going to be put in
every power plant to capture carbon dioxide, but it stands for young people as
an example of some achievement that was thought impossible but now is
possible. That to me should always be part of working in science—to inspire
young people. It’s an important application.”
OmarYaghi
Chemistry Professor, UC Berkeley
Director, Molecular Foundry, Berkeley Lab

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