Urea Plant Training Program For GTE
Urea Plant Training Program For GTE
8.5, 9%
26.5, 26%
Stamicarbon 45%
Snamprogetti 26.5%
Market Share Toyo Engineering 20%
Tecnimount 8.5%
CHEMISTERY OF UREA REACTION
UREA SYNTHESIS
First Reaction:
2NH3 + CO2 ↔ NH2CO2NH4 (Ammonium
Carbamate)
Exothermic, ΔH = -117 KJ / mole
Spontaneous (fast)
Second Reaction:
NH2CO2NH4 ↔ NH2CONH2 + H2O
Endothermic, ΔH = 15.5 KJ / mole
Slow (rate determining)
UREA REACTION
EFFICIENCY
Factors favorable for higher conversion:
High Temperature
High Pressure
Low H2O:CO2 ratio
High NH3:CO2 ratio
PROPERTIES OF UREA
Chemical Formula: NH2CONH2
Synonyms: Carbamide,
Carbonyldiamide
Mol weight: 60.056
Physical state: solid at ambient
conditions
Appearance: white, odorless
Boiling point: decomposes before boiling
Melting point: 132.7 ºC
STAMICARBON UREA
TECHNOLOGY
CO2 Stripping Process
Pool Reactor Technology
(No Carbamate Condenser)
Low NH3 to CO2 Reaction
No MP Section
Hydrogen Removal from CO2
Less number of Equipments
Superior Material (more corrosion resistance)
Flexibility in Plant Operation
UREA PLANT
It consists of mainly five sections:
H2O H2O
2ND 1ST
PRILLING
EVAPORATOR EVAPORATOR
Hydrogen
Reactor
Passivation
Air Blower
CO2 from
Ammonia Plant
LP Casing HP Casing
SYNTHESIS SECTION
HP Scrubber To LP Abs.
Stripper
Outlet
CO2 from Compressor Solution
Process Flow
Reactor off
Stripper off
Gases to C-203 Liquid Inlet
Gases
from C-203
S.C/Steam
outlet
S.C
Outlet Inlet
Liquid to E-
201
POOL REACTOR TUBE
BUNDLE
REACTOR SHELL
HP SCRUBBER SPHERE
HP SCRUBBER SPHERE
HP STRIPPER
LOW PRESSURE RECIRCULATION
SECTION
Urea Purification
Carbamate Condensation
Carbamate recycling
Favorable Conditions:
High Temperature
Low Pressure
To LP Abs.
CO2 & Ammonia Gases
LP
Expansion
Carbamate
Vessel
Urea Solution from Condenser
Stripper
To Evaporator
Rectifying Condenser
Flash
Column
Separator
Carbamate
To
Scrubber
Urea
Solution HP carb.
PUMP
Urea Solution
Urea Solution to Evap. Urea Tank
Soln.
Low Pressure Recirculation Section
Temperature 135 ºC
Purification
Condensation of vapors
Evaporation Section
Prill Tower
99.7% Urea
Urea Formaldehyde
Vacuum and Prilling Section
1st Stage Evaporation
Vacuum 0.34 kg/cm2a
Temperature 130 ºC
Urea Concentration 94.5%
Pressure 4 Kg/cm2a
Temperature 143 ºC
Hydrolyzer
Pressure 18 Kg/cm2a
Temperature 200 ºC
Process Condensate
Treatment Section
Block diagram of a total recycle
CO2 stripping urea process.
PRODUCT QUALITY
o SS 316L
o SS 304L
o Killed CS
o CS
CORROSION CONTROL
o Corrosive Fluids:
o Ammonium Carbamate
o Urea
o CO2 in presence of moisture
o Factors affecting corrosion:
o Temperature
o Concentration of solution
o NH3:CO2 Ratio
o Oxygen content
CORROSION CONTROL