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Structures: Applied Mechanics

This document discusses structures and trusses. It defines a truss as a framework composed of members joined at their ends to form a rigid structure. Plane trusses lie in a single plane. Trusses can be statically determinate or indeterminate. To analyze a truss, we assume members are two-force members in tension or compression and apply force equilibrium equations at each joint. The procedure involves drawing free-body diagrams at the joints and solving for unknown member forces.

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185 views

Structures: Applied Mechanics

This document discusses structures and trusses. It defines a truss as a framework composed of members joined at their ends to form a rigid structure. Plane trusses lie in a single plane. Trusses can be statically determinate or indeterminate. To analyze a truss, we assume members are two-force members in tension or compression and apply force equilibrium equations at each joint. The procedure involves drawing free-body diagrams at the joints and solving for unknown member forces.

Uploaded by

Arslan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structures

Applied Mechanics
Introduction
In this chapter we focus on the determination of the forces internal to
a structure, that is, forces of action and reaction between the
connected members. An engineering structure is any connected system
of members built to support or transfer forces and to safely withstand
the loads applied to it. To determine the forces internal to an
engineering structure, we must dismember the structure and analyze
separate free-body diagrams of individual members or combinations of
members. This analysis requires careful application of Newton’s third
law, which states that each action is accompanied by an equal and
opposite reaction.
Plan Trusses: A framework composed of members joined at their ends
to form a rigid structure is called a truss. Bridges, roof supports,
derricks, and other such structures are common examples of trusses.
Structural members commonly used are I-beams, channels, angles,
bars, and special shapes which are fastened together at their ends by
welding, riveted connections, or large bolts or pins. When the
members of the truss lie essentially in a single plane, the truss is called
a plane truss.
Structures built from a basic triangle in the manner described are
known as simple trusses. When more members are present than are
needed to prevent collapse, the truss is statically indeterminate. A
statically indeterminate truss cannot be analyzed by the equations of
equilibrium alone. Additional members or supports which are not
necessary for maintaining the equilibrium configuration are called
redundant.
Design of a truss: To design a truss we must first determine the forces
in the various members and then select appropriate sizes and structural
shapes to withstand the forces. Several assumptions are made in the
force analysis of simple trusses. First, we assume all members to be
two-force members. A two-force member is one in equilibrium under
the action of two forces only, as defined in general terms with Fig. Each
member of a truss is normally a straight link joining the two points of
application of force. The two forces are applied at the ends of the
member and are necessarily equal, opposite, and collinear for
equilibrium.
The member may be in tension or compression, as shown in Fig. 4/4.
When we represent the equilibrium of a portion of a two-force
member, the tension T or compression C acting on the cut section is
the same for all sections.
Truss Connections and Supports: When
welded or riveted connections are used to
join structural members, we may usually
assume that the connection is a pin joint if
the centerlines of the members are
concurrent at the joint as in Fig. 4/5.

For large trusses, a roller, rocker, or


some kind of slip joint is used at one
of the supports to provide for
expansion and contraction due to
temperature changes and for
deformation from applied loads.
Procedure for truss analysis by joint method:
• Draw the free-body diagram of a joint having at least one known force
and at most two unknown forces. (If this joint is at one of the
supports, then it may be necessary first to calculate the external
reactions at the support.)
• If this joint is at one of the supports, then it may be necessary first to
calculate the external reactions at the support.)
• Orient the x and y axes such that the forces on the free-body diagram
can be easily resolved into their x and y components and then apply
the two force equilibrium equations Fx = 0 and Fy = 0. Solve for the
two unknown member forces and verify their correct sense.
• Using the calculated results, continue to analyze each of the other
joints. Remember that a member in compression “pushes” on the
joint and a member in tension “pulls” on the joint. Also, be sure to
choose a joint having at most two unknowns and at least one known
force.
• Determine the force in each member of the truss shown in Fig. and
indicate whether the members are in tension or compression.
Determine the forces acting in all the members of the truss shown in
Fig. 6–9a.
Try to find the forces at point B
Determine the force in each member of the truss shown in Fig. 6–
10a.Indicate whether the members are in tension or compression.

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