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CS201 11

This document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines arrays as data structures that store identical data types. Arrays occupy continuous memory, are accessed using indexes, and can be initialized and copied. Examples show declaring, initializing, accessing, and summing array elements. The rand() function and modulus operator (%) are introduced for generating random numbers, such as for simulating dice rolls. Constants like array sizes are also discussed.

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Muhammad Mujahid
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77 views

CS201 11

This document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines arrays as data structures that store identical data types. Arrays occupy continuous memory, are accessed using indexes, and can be initialized and copied. Examples show declaring, initializing, accessing, and summing array elements. The rand() function and modulus operator (%) are introduced for generating random numbers, such as for simulating dice rolls. Constants like array sizes are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Mujahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Programming

Lecture 11
ARRAYS
Arrays
 They are special kind of data type
 They are like data structures in which
identical data types are stored
 In C each array has
– name
– data type
– size
 They occupy continuous area of
memory
Storage of an array in memory
Name memory

C[0] 24

C[1] 59
C[2] 35
C[3] ...
C[4] ...
C[5] ...

C[6] ...

C[7] ...
C[8] ...
C[9] ...

Index
Declaration of Arrays
arrayType arrayName[numberOfElements ];
For example ,
int age [ 10 ] ;

 More than one array can be declared on a line


int age [10] , height [10] , names [20] ;

 Mix declaration of variables with declaration of arrays


int i , j , age [10] ;
Referring to Array
Elements

Array name e.g. age


index number

age [ 4 ]
Example1: Using Arrays

for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
cin >> age [ i ] ;
}
Example 2
totalAge = 0 ;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
totalAge + = age [ i ] ;
}
Initializing an Array

int age [ 10 ] ;

for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
{
age [ i ] = 0 ;
}
Initializing an Array

int age [ 10 ] = { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 } ;

int age[ 10 ] = { 0 } ;
Initializing an Array
int age [ ] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 } ;

for ( i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
‘ i ‘ will have value from 0 to 9
Example: 3
#include < iostream.h >
main ( )
{
int c [ 100 ] ;
Example: 3
int z , i = 0 ;

do
{
cin >> z ;
if ( z != -1 )
c[ i ] = z ; assignment statement
Example 3
i ++ ;
} while ( z != -1 && i < 100 ) ;
cout << “ The total number of positive
integers entered by user is “ << i -1;
}
Copying Arrays
– Data types should be
identical

– Size should be same


int a [ 10 ] ;
int b [ 10 ] ;
Copying Arrays
To copy from array “ a ” to array “ b ” :

b[0]=a[0];
b[1]=a[1];
b[2]=a[2];
b[3]=a[3];
………
………
b [ 10 ] = a [ 10 ] ;
Copying Arrays

for ( i =0 ; i < 10 ; i ++ )
b[i]=a[i];
Example: 4
Take the sum of squares of 10 different
numbers which are stored in an array

int a [ 10 ] ;
int arraySize =10 ;
int sumOfSquares = 0 ;
for ( i = 0 ; i < arraySize ; i ++ )
{
sumOfSquares = sumOfSquares + a [ i ] * a [ i ] ;
}
Example 5
int z ;
int a [ 100 ] ;
for ( i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i ++ )
{
a[i]=i;
}
cout << “ Please enter a positive integer “ ;
cin >> z ;
int found = 0 ;
Example 5
for ( i =0 ; i < 100 ; i ++ )
{
if ( z == a [ i ] )
{
found = 1 ;
break ;
}
}
Example 5
if ( found == 1 )
cout << “ We found the integer at position ” << i ;
else
cout << “ The number was not found” ;
rand ( )
# include < stdlib.h >

0 - 32767
Calling rand ( )
x = rand ( ) ;

A call goes to ” rand ( ) “ , it generates


a number and returns to x
Modulus “ % ”
It returns the remainder

rand ( ) % 6 = ?
Result has to be between 0 and 5 inclusive

1 + rand ( ) % 6

It will randomly generate number between


1 and 6
Fair Die
If a die is rolled 10/100 million of time , then
on average equal number of 1’s ,equal
number of 2’s , equal number of 3’s etc. will
be generated
Example: Tossing a Coin
It has only two possibilities 0 / 1

rand ( ) % 2 ;
Importance of rand ( )
 It is shipped in every standard library with
compiler

 Most major programming languages give


some kind of random number generator as
a function as part of library

 Writing a random number generator is


itself a field
Array Declaration

data type
name
size
const
const
const int arraySize = 100 ;

 It creates an identifier “ arraySize ” and


assigns a value 100. This is called
integer constant . It is not a variable
 Its value cannot be changed

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