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Exogenic Processes

1) Exogenic processes include weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition which are influenced by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. 2) Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces through physical or chemical processes like mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, and biological weathering. 3) Erosion is the movement of weathered rock and soil from one location to another by agents of transport like water, wind, ice, or gravity. Transportation involves moving eroded sediments from the source area to the deposition area.

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KristineMaeFernandezCarmelo
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456 views

Exogenic Processes

1) Exogenic processes include weathering, erosion, transportation, and deposition which are influenced by the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. 2) Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces through physical or chemical processes like mechanical weathering, chemical weathering, and biological weathering. 3) Erosion is the movement of weathered rock and soil from one location to another by agents of transport like water, wind, ice, or gravity. Transportation involves moving eroded sediments from the source area to the deposition area.

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KristineMaeFernandezCarmelo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXOGENIC

PROCESSES
LEARNING COMPETENCIES

–describe how rocks undergo weathering


–explain how the products of weathering are
carried away by erosion and deposited
elsewhere
–make a report on how rocks and soil move
downslope due to the direct action of gravity
EXOGENIC PROCESSES

–Exogenic processes are interconnected


with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and
biosphere
–includes the processes of weathering,
erosion, transportation, and deposition.
•Earth’s internal heat forms the
mountains while the sun’s
energy, which is responsible for
exogenic processes, slowly and
steadily tears the landforms
down.
WEATHERING
–Is the general term applied to the
combined action of all physical and
chemical processes that disintegrates and
decompose rocks near Earth's surface
through the elements of weather.
Weathering describes the breaking
down or dissolving of rocks and
minerals on the surface of the Earth.
Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals,
and changes in temperature are all
agents of weathering .
TYPES OF WEATHERING

1.Mechanical Weathering
2.Chemical Weathering
3.Biological Weathering
1.Mechanical Weathering
-is the physical breakdown of a rock into
unconnected grain or chunks without changes
in its composition. These occurs in several
ways.
-a rock formed underground experiences
high confining pressure.
Block Disintegration
–Caused by successive
heating and cooling that
causes the expansion
and contraction of rocks
Exfoliation
–Is the stripping of
the outer layers of
the rocks due to
intense heating
Chemical Weathering
–Chemical weathering is caused by rain
water reacting with the mineral grains
in rocks to form new minerals (clays)
and soluble salts. These reactions occur
particularly when the water is slightly
acidic.
–Chemical weathering occurs when there is
a chemical changes in at least some of the
composition of the rock. It is a surface or
near-surface process that is not influenced
by high temperature or pressure. The
chemical reactions occur at a faster rate in
warm, wet climates like in the tropics.
Where does it occur?
–These chemical processes need water, and
occur more rapidly at higher temperature,
so warm, damp climates are best. Chemical
weathering (especially hydrolysis and
oxidation) is the first stage in the production
of soils.
–How does it occur?
There are different types of chemical
weathering, the most important are:
Solution - removal of rock in solution by acidic
rainwater. In particular, limestone is weathered
by rainwater containing dissolved CO2, (this
process is sometimes called carbonation).
Hydrolysis - the breakdown of rock by acidic
water to produce clay and soluble salts.
In the process of hydrolysis, a new solution
is formed as chemicals in rock interact with
water. In many rocks, for example, sodium
minerals interact with water to form a
saltwater solution.
Oxidation - the breakdown of rock by oxygen
and water, often giving iron-rich rocks a rusty-
coloured weathered surface.
–The reaction of oxygen with minerals in the
rock, form oxides.
–Oxidation of iron-bearing minerals like biotite
and pyrite produce iron oxide (hematite).
Solution
–removal of rock in solution by acidic
rainwater. In particular limestone is
weathered by rainwater containing
dissolved CO2 (this process is
sometimes called carbonation)
3.Biological Weathering
Biological Weathering

–Is the weathering or


disintegration of rocks
caused by living organisms
Plants
–Contribute to both mechanical and
chemical weathering
–Pressure acts as a wedge, widening
and extending the cracks, and
breaking the rock into fragments
Animals
–Animals like earthworms, rats,
rabbits, termites, and ants
breakdown the rocks through
burrowing
–Lichen
Bacteria and lichen,
like those seen here,
can chemically
weather rock to
access nutrients such
as magnesium or
potassium
Humans
–Provisions for agriculture,
construction of houses, and
construction roads, among others
require large amount of rocks to be
broken down.
Erosion
and
Transport
Erosion is the separation and
removal of weathered and
unweathered rocks and soil from its
substance due to gravity or
transporting agents like winds, ice,
or water.
–It involves abrasion, plucking,
scouring, and dissolution.
–Transport is the process by which
sediments are moved along from
the source to where they are
deposited.
–Wind erosion commonly occurs in flat,
bare areas or dry, sandy, and loose
soils. It detaches soil particle sand
transport them by wind
–Sandstorms are common phenomenon in
deserts that transport lost of sediments
for hundred of kilometers.
Effect of Wind Erosion
Wind erosion damages the land and natural
vegetation by removing soil from one place and
depositing it in another area such as farmland or
built-up areas.
– It results to soil loss, dryness, and deterioration of
soil structure , soil nutrient and productivity losses,
and air pollution.
– The sand dunes in Paoay, Ilocos Norte are formed
through this process.
– A glacier is a permanent body of ice, which consists largely of
recrystallized snow and shows evidence of movement due to
gravity.
– Glaciers have enormous erosive power. As a rock moves over a
rock, it acts like a bulldozer; the rocks at the surface are scraped
off and grinded against the mixture of ice and rocks.
₋ It moves slowly but erodes downward rapidly, forming U-shaped
valleys.
₋ This erosion process is dominant in Polar Regions and in high
altitude mountains.
EROSION
is the process by which soil and rock
particles are worn away and moved
elsewhere by gravity, or by a moving
transport agent – wind, water or ice.
TRANSPORT
– refers to the processes by which the
sediment is moved along – for example,
pebbles rolled along a river-bed or sea
shore, sand grains whipped up by the
wind, salts carried in solution.
How is erosion different to
weathering?

–Erosion involves removal of solid material


by a transporting agent. Weathering is the
breakdown of rock into fragments at the
Earth’s surface. No movement is involved in
weathering.
EROSION and TRANSPORT

-By gravity -By ice


-By wind -By water
By gravity
–Mass–wasting is the down-slope movement of
loose rock and soil due to gravity. Whilst
processes such as soil creep are very slow,
landslides can be very sudden, and may cause
loss of life.
Examples

Soil creep Rock-falls


Landslips mudflows

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