Discovering Computers

Fundamentals,
2010 Edition
Living in a Digital World
The Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Page 56
Figure 2-1
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2
The Internet

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1969 and had two main goals:
Allow scientists at
Function even if part of
different physical
the network were
locations to share
disabled or destroyed
information and work
by a disaster
together

Page 56 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 3

The Internet
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
1969 ARPANET and
ARPANET becomes 1996
becomes known as the Internet2 is
functional Internet founded

1984 1995 NSFNet Today More

ARPANET has terminates than 550
more than its network million hosts
1,000 on the connect to
individual Internet and the Internet
computers resumes
linked as status as
hosts research
network

Page 56 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 4

The Internet

• Many home and small business users connect to

the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service

Fiber to
Cable Cellular Satellite
the Fixed
Internet DSL Wi-Fi Radio Internet
Premises wireless
service Network Service
(FTTP)

Pages 57 - 58 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 5

The Internet

An access provider is a business

that provides individuals and
organizations access to the
Internet free or for a fee
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 2, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Wireless Modems
below Chapter 2
Page 58 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 6
The Internet

• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)

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Figure 2-3
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 7
The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means
for users to interact
Page 61 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 8
The World Wide Web

• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs

Internet
Firefox Opera
Explorer

Google
Safari
Chrome

Page 61 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 9

The World Wide Web

• A home page is the first page that a Web site

displays
• Web pages provide links to other related Web
pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the process of receiving
information

Pages 62 – 64 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 10

The World Wide Web

• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or

Web address

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Figure 2-6
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 11
The World Wide Web

• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple

Web pages in a single Web browser window

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 2, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Tabbed Browsing
below Chapter 2
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Figure 2-7
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 12
The World Wide Web

• Two types of search tools are search engines and

subject directories

Search Subject
engine directory
Classifies Web
Finds information
pages in an
related to a
organized set of
specific topic
categories
Page 65 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 13
The World Wide Web

• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

as:

Images Videos Audio News

People or
Maps Blogs
Businesses

Page 66 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 14

The World Wide Web

• There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketing

Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Network
Pages 67 - 69
Figure 2-11
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 15
The World Wide Web

Entertainment Advocacy Web

Application

Content Personal
Aggregator
Pages 69 - 70
Figure 2-11
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 16
The World Wide Web

• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages

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Figure 2-12
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The World Wide Web

• Multimedia refers to any application that

combines text with:

Page 70 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 18

The World Wide Web

• A graphic is a digital
representation of
nontext information
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF
• A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger
graphic

Pages 70 - 71
Figure 2-13
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 19
The World Wide Web

• Animation is the appearance of motion created

by displaying a series of still images in sequence

Page 71 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 20

The World Wide Web

• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow
• Video consists of full-motion images that are played
back at various speeds
• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to
simulate a real or imagined environment that appears
as a three-dimensional space
Pages 72 - 73 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 21
The World Wide Web

• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability

of a Web browser

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Figure 2-15
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 22
The World Wide Web

• Web publishing is the development and

maintenance of Web pages

Analyze
Maintain
Plan a and Create a Deploy a
a Web
Web site design a Web site Web site
site
Web site

Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 2, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Web Page Authoring
Software below Chapter 2
Page 74 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 23
E-Commerce

• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs

over an electronic network
– Anyone with access to a computer or mobile device,
an Internet connection, and a means to pay for
purchased goods or services can participate in e-
commerce

Page 74 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 24

Other Internet Services

• E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages

Pages 75 – 76
Figure 2-17
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 25
Other Internet Services

• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet

communications service

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Figure 2-19
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 26
Other Internet Services

• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer
• A chat room is a
location on an Internet
server that permits
users to chat with each
other
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 2, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Chat Rooms
below Chapter 2
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Figure 2-20
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 27
Other Internet Services

• VoIP (Voice over IP)

enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony
• FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) is permits file
uploading and
downloading

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Figure 2-21
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Other Internet Services

• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group

Pages 80 - 81
Figure 2-22
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 29
Netiquette

• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet

behavior

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Figure 2-23
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Summary

Browsing, navigating,
History and structure of searching, Web
World Wide Web
the Internet publishing, and
e-commerce

Other Internet services: e-

mail, instant messaging,
chat rooms, VoIP, FTP, and Rules of netiquette
newsgroups and message
boards

Page 82 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 31