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This document discusses different types of aircraft fuel systems, including gravity feed systems typically found on small planes, pump feed systems for low wing aircraft, fuel systems for high wing aircraft and small multi-engine aircraft. It also covers jet fuel systems and helicopter fuel systems. The document provides details on fuel distribution indicators, such as fuel quantity gauges, flow meters, temperature gauges and pressure gauges. It discusses fueling and defueling procedures and safety precautions. Finally, it addresses types of fuel contaminants, leak classifications, and methods for repairing different types of fuel tanks.

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christian pagtama
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28 views

Report Airsystem

This document discusses different types of aircraft fuel systems, including gravity feed systems typically found on small planes, pump feed systems for low wing aircraft, fuel systems for high wing aircraft and small multi-engine aircraft. It also covers jet fuel systems and helicopter fuel systems. The document provides details on fuel distribution indicators, such as fuel quantity gauges, flow meters, temperature gauges and pressure gauges. It discusses fueling and defueling procedures and safety precautions. Finally, it addresses types of fuel contaminants, leak classifications, and methods for repairing different types of fuel tanks.

Uploaded by

christian pagtama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUEL DISTRIBUTION

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT FUEL SYSTEM

1. GRAVITY FEED SYSTEM


2. PUMP FEED SYSTEM
3. HIGH WING AIRPLANE SYSTEM
4. SMALL MULTI ENGINE AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
5. JET FUEL SYSTEM
6. HELICOPTER FUEL SYSTEM
• GRAVITY FEED SYSTEM
- The most simple aircraft fuel system, found on small planes, single engine plane and other
small aircrafts. Mostly used on high wing small aircrafts.
• PUMP FEED SYSTEM
- Low wing airplanes cannot use gravity to feed fuel to the carburetor. An engine
driven or electric pump must be used to provide adequate fuel pressure, this type of
fuel system doesn’t have “both” position.
• HIGH WING AIRPLANE SYSTEM ( Teledyne-Continental fuel injection system )
- Used on some high- performance single-engine aircrafts this is a combination of gravity feed
system and electric vane pump,excess fuel return to the selector valve .
SMALL MULTI ENGINE AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS
- A typical system that uses RSA fuel injection system uses electric fuel pump to deliver fuel to the
engine, it doesn’t return the fuel to the tanks as in the Teledyne-Continental fuel injection system.
• JET FUEL SYSTEM
• - A large jet transport has a much simpler system that has relatively supplies its three engines
with three fuel tanks. Each of these tanks holds about 12000 pounds of fuel. Each of the wing has
two 115 volt AC electric boost pumps.
• Helicopter fuel system
- A typical light turbine-powered helicopter system incorporates a single, bladder type
fuel cell. Located below and aft of the rear passenger seat.
FUEL SYSTEM INDICATORS
Fuel Quantity Indicating System
This is one of the required Instrument of all powered aircraft. It may be simple as cork float
riding on top of fuel in tank. There are different types of fuel indicating system:
- Electric Ratiometer- type fuel Quantity Gauges are used in many reciprocating Engine, it
shows the fuel level in tanks by converting it flow into resistance.

- Capacitance-type fuel quantity system, is most frequently used in fuel tank.

- Magnetically locked fuel Measuring Stick, shows fuel quantity by turning the latching cam
on the bottom surface of the wing tank
Flow Meters
- Assumes flow rate base on the engine rpm And manifold pressure, and checks it against the
amount of fuel used in a given period of time. Larger reciprocating engine use flowmeter between
fuel pump and carburetor. The fuel flowing moves a spring loaded vane, the movement of the vane
is the basis of gallons flow. Turbine powered Aircraft are concerned with mass rather than volume.
Fuel Temperature Gauges
- Equipped with a ratio meter type fuel temperature measuring system. This unit measures the
temperature of the fuel and Pilot uses fuel heaters if Necessary to maintain right temperature of
fuel.

Fuel pressure Gauges


- It is necessary to know that a pump fed fuel system is delivering the proper amount of fuel, to
provide this information simple aircraft uses pressure gauges connected to inlet of fuel metering
system the pressure read here before starting is the pressure of the boost pump, then when the
engine is running the boost pump is off the gauge show the pressure that the engine driven
pump is producing.

VALVE –IN –TRANSIT indicator lights


- On large multi- engine aircraft, this light is only on during the time the valve is in
motion and off when the movement is complete.
FUELING AND DEFUELING
• Fuel servicing – Everyone involved with handling
and dispensing aviation fuels should realize that the
safety of an aircraft may depend upon skill,
knowledge and ability to deliver the correct grade of
fuel.
• Fueling
The process which begins with delivery of fuel to the airport fueling facility.
Fuel testing will begin in the tank truck . Aircrafts can have fuel pump directly
into their tanks from over the wing tank openings or from single source under
the wing tank opening. Tanks can be fueled either each two fuel from a fuel
truck or from a underground storage. Most large Airport have underground
storage facility this Arrangement allows aircraft to be fueled without having
transport trucks. Tanks can be fueled either each two fuel from a fuel truck or
from a underground storage
• Procedures of fueling
Defueling
- Defueling Is accomplished in the same manner as the
fueling, using many safety precautions. Never defuel an
aircraft inside a hangar or in any space that has inadequate
ventilation. If only a small quantity of fuel is off loaded and
there is no reason for suspect contamination.
TYPES OF CONTAMINANTS
• Solid contaminants – Are those which do not dissolve to fuel. The most common
contaminants are iron, rust, sand and dirt.
• Surfactants – Means “ SURFace ACTive AgeNTS” consist of soapdetergent like
materials that occur naturally in fuel.
• Water – most common contaminant that produces in form of vapor.
• Microorganisms- a type of contaminant that can live in free water, can cause severe
corrosion in fuel tanks. Principle effect of these are emulsification of fuel and
formulation of sludge that can foul filter separators.
FUEL LEAK CLASSIFICATION
• The size of the surface are that the leak moistens in the 30-minute
period is used as the classification standard

• Types of leak
Slow Seep leak – wet an area of leak source not over 3/4 inch in diameter
 Seep Leak – wets an area of 3/4 inch to 11/2 inch in diameter
 Heavy Seep – wets an area of 11/2 inch to 3 inches.
 Running Leak – most severe and most dangerous
TANK REPAIRS

Types of fuel tank


• Welded fuel tank
• Integral tank
• Bladder tank
• Welded fuel tanks – if damaged can be repaired by draining the fuel and removing
the tank in an aircraft, then weld the leak to repair it. Before welding purge all the
fumes that can be explosive by steam cleaning or other methods.
• Integral fuel tanks (wet wings) – type of tank that uses sealants as closing. To repair
this kind of tanks drain and purge either with carbon or argon until the detector
shows free from explosive vapors. Remove old sealant by a chisel shaped hard plastic
and aluminum to clean away all remaining traces, when it is clean an dry apply the
new mixed sealant and apply it the manner specified in manufacturer.
• Bladder tanks- found most on modern aircraft used thin synthetic, rubber
impregnated cloth to hold fuel. If the balder becomes brittle you just have to remove
it then replace it with a new bladder

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