FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 2008

RA 9514 KNOWN AS
RA 9514 THE FIRE
CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 2008
COVERAGE
A. All persons;
B. All private or public buildings, facilities or structures and their premises erected
or constructed before and after the effectivity hereof;
C. Design and installation of mechanical, electronics and electrical systems relative
to fire protection;
D. Manufacturing, storage, handling and/or use, and transportation of explosives
and/or combustible, flammable liquids and gases, toxic and other hazardous
materials and operations, and their wastes;
E. Fire safety planning, design, construction, repair, maintenance, rehabilitation
and demolition;
F. Fire protective and warning equipment or systems;
G. All land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships or vessels docked at piers
or wharves or anchored in seaports; and
H. Petroleum industry installations.
• The Administration and Enforcement of the Fire Code
and it’s IRR shall be under the direct supervision and
control of the Chief, BFP, through the hierarchy of
organization as provided for in Chapter VI of Republic Act
No. 6975, the DILG Reorganization Act of 1990 as
amended by Republic Act No. 9263, the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP) Professionalization Act of 2004;
AUTHORITY OF THE CHIEF
• The Authority of the Chief, BFP subject to approval of
SILG includes the following:
A. Issue implementing rules and regulations;
B. Reorganize the BFP as may be necessary and
appropriate;
C. Enter into long term agreement;
D. Enter into Memorandum of Agreement.
• The Specific Authority of the Chief, BFP, includes:
A. To support and assist fire volunteers, practitioners and fire volunteer
organizations in the country;
B. Enter into external party agreements for the conduct of trainings, education and
evaluation of fire volunteers, practitioners and fire volunteer organizations;
C. Call on the police, other law enforcement agencies;
D. Designate Fire Safety Inspectors (FSI) through his/her duly authorized
representative:
E. Issue Fire Safety Inspection Certificate (FSIC) as a pre-requisite to the grants of
permits and/or licence by the local government and other governments and other
government agencies concerned;
F. Inspect at reasonable time, any building, structure, installation or premises for
dangerous or hazardous conditions or materials as set forth in the Fire Code and
this IRR, provided that in case of single family dwelling, an inspection must be upon
the consent of the occupant or upon lawful order from the proper court. The Chief,
BFP or his/her duly authorized representative shall order the owner/occupant to
remove hazardous operations/processes in accordance with the standards set by
the Fire Code and this IRR or other pertinent laws;
G. Order the owner/occupant of any building or structure to summarily abate
conditions that are deemed hazardous to life and property;
H. Require the building owner/occupant to submit plans and specifications, and
other pertinent documents of said building to ensure compliance with applicable
codes and standards; and
I. Issue a written notice to the owner and/or contractor to stop work on any
portion of any work due to the absence, or in violation of, approved plans and
specifications, permits and/or clearances or certifications as approved by the Chief,
BFP or his/her duly authorized representative. The notices shall state the nature of
the violation and no work shall be continued on that portion until the violation has
been corrected.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF FIRE BRIGADE CHIEF
A. He/She shall be responsible for the development of fire prevention
programs and plans of action for the company or organization to address
possible fire situation in the plant or community, subject to the approval of
the company or establishment head or fire prevention officer;
B. He/She shall initiate the procurement of necessary firefighting
equipment and supplies for use of the brigades;
C. He/She shall conduct periodic evaluation of all equipment available for
firefighting and be responsible for setting in motion necessary procedures
for replacing missing equipment or correction of inoperative equipment;
D. He/She shall also bring to the immediate attention of the company or
establishment head, or his fire prevention officer, any situation that would
likely reduce the effectiveness of firefighting operations;
E. He/She shall ensure that the brigades are suitably staffed,
conduct periodic review of the fire brigade roster and prepare
recommendations on the need for additional members to be
selected, appointed and made available to beef up the team;
F. He/She shall prepare training programs for the members of
the fire brigade and supervise its implementation; and
G. In his/her absence, the Deputy Fire Brigade Chief shall
assume and perform the duties and responsibilities of the Fire
Brigade Chief.
TRAINING
A. All members of the fire brigade shall undergo training on fire
suppression, rescue, emergency medical services and related
emergency response. They shall be instructed on the handling of
available fire rescue apparatus, equipment, devices and tools. The
training program shall be adapted to suit the purpose of the
particular brigade. It shall include fire suppression strategies, tactics,
techniques and the use of portable fire extinguishers and other
equipment, devices and tools.
B. In the case of fire safety practitioners, they shall undergo
mandatory continuous professional education and competency
evaluation of their expertise, knowledge and skills in the areas of
fire science, engineering and technology to be conducted by the
BFP.
ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT TO BFP
FROM PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
A. During actual fire fighting operations and fire scene investigations;
B. Business closure and summary abatement proceedings;
C. Installation of signs that the building/structure is a fire hazard
and/or fire trap;
D. Obstruction of designated fire lanes and fire hydrants;
E. Apprehension of violators/persons removing, destroying, tampering
or obliterating warning signs and similar abatement appurtenances;
and
F. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which would essentially
require police assistance.
FROM LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
• A. Strict observance of the requirement of fire safety measures for the issuance
of Fire Safety Inspection Certificate (FSIC) as a pre-requisite in the grant of and
renewal of business, occupancy and other related permits/licenses. For this
purpose, the LGU and/or other government agencies concerned shall refrain
from issuing such licenses and/or permits without the applicant first securing an
FSIC from the BFP;
B. Organization and training of fire brigades in all barangays in partnership with BFP
to serve as first responders;
C. In summary abatements, closure and/or stoppage of operation of
buildings/structures or portions thereof; and
D. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which would essentially require their
assistance.
FROM OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
A. Laboratory/physical examinations of the pieces of evidence
gathered in the fire scene and submit the result thereof to the
Chief, BFP or his duly authorized representative, as the case may
be;
B. In the investigation and prosecution of arson cases, appear as
expert witness thereof;
C. Such other duties and functions of the BFP which require their
expertise.
FIRE SAFETY INSPECTORS
• UNIFORMED PERSONNEL
1. Licensed Engineer (Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical, Sanitary
and Electronic and Communication); or Architect with at least one (1)
year in the BFP service; or Graduate of any baccalaureate degree course
with at least three (3) years in the BFP service;
2. Shall have completed Fire Arson Investigation and Inspection Course
(FAIIC); or have undergone at least forty (40) hours of relevant
seminars/workshops on the Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008 and
other relevant fire safety seminars/workshops; and
3. Non-licensed and non-engineering graduate must pass the written fire
safety inspection examination conducted by the BFP.
• NON- UNIFORMED PERSONNEL
1. Appointed as Engineers (Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical,
Sanitary and Electronics and Communication ); or Appointed as
Electrical/Building Inspectors; and
2. 2. Shall have undergone at least forty (40) hours of relevant
seminars/workshops on the Fire Code of the Philippines and
other relevant fire safety seminars/workshops.
3. 3. Electrical/building inspectors must pass the written
examination conducted by the BFP, otherwise they can only
conduct inspection relative to their appointment’s duties and
functions.
PLAN EVALUATORS
A. Must be a licensed Architect or Engineer; and
B. Shall have undergone at least forty (40) hours of
relevant training on the Fire Code of the Philippines of
2008 and other relevant fire safety seminars/workshops.
C. In cases where there is no licensed engineer or
architect in a specific jurisdiction, a graduate of any
baccalaureate degree with FAIIC training shall be
designated as plan evaluator.
FIRE SAFETY INSPECTION CERTIFICATE AS PRE-REQUISITE
FOR ISSUANCE OF PERMIT/LICENSE
• DOCUMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
A. FSIC for Occupancy Permit
1. Endorsement from the Building Official (BO);
2. Photocopy of Building Permit and Assessment of Occupancy
Permit Fee;
3. Copy of Fire Insurance Policy, if any;
4. Copy of Latest Fire Safety Inspection Certificate immediately
preceding this application, if any; and
5. Three (3) sets of FALAR 2.
B. FSIC for Business Permit
1. Endorsement from the Business Permit Licensing Office
(BPLO);
2. Photocopy of Building Permit and Assessment of
Business Permit Fee/Tax Bill for Business Permit;
3. Copy of Fire Insurance Policy, if any;
4. Copy of Latest Fire Safety Inspection Certificate
immediately preceding this application, if any; and
5. Three (3) sets of FALAR 3.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Every building or structure, new or old, designed for human occupancy shall be
provided with exits sufficient to permit the fast and safe escape of occupants in case of
fire or other emergency.
B. Every building or structure shall be designed, constructed, equipped, maintained and
operated to avoid danger to the lives and ensure safety of its occupants from fire,
smoke, vapor and fumes, during the period of escape from the building or structure.
C. Every building or structure shall be provided with exits of kind, number, location and
capacity appropriate to the individual building or structure, with due regard to the
character of the occupancy, the number of persons exposed, the fire protection available
and the height and type of construction of the building or structure, to afford all
occupants convenient facilities for escape.
D. Every exit of buildings or structures shall be arranged and maintained to provide free
and unobstructed egress from all parts thereof at all times. No lock or fastening device
that would prevent escape from the inside of any building shall be installed except in
mental, penal, or correctional institutions where personnel are continually on duty and
effective provisions are made to evacuate occupants in case of fire or other emergencies.
E. Every exit shall be clearly visible. The route to the exit shall be conspicuously
marked in such a manner that every occupant of a building or structure will readily
know the direction of escape. Each route of escape, in its entirety, shall be so
arranged or marked that the way to a place of safety outside is unmistakable. Any
doorway not constituting an exit shall be marked to minimize its possible confusion
as an exit. Likewise, passage constituting a way to reach an exit shall be marked to
minimize confusion.
F. All means of egress shall be provided with adequate and reliable illumination.
G. Fire alarm systems or devices shall be provided in every building or structure of
such size, arrangement, or occupancy, to provide adequate warning to occupants.
H. Every building or structure, section, or area thereof of such size, occupancy and
arrangement such that the reasonable safety of a number of occupants may be
endangered by the blocking of any single means of egress due to fire or smoke,
shall have at least two means of egress remote from each other, so arranged as to
minimize any possibility that both may be blocked by any one fire or other
emergency conditions.
I. Every vertical way of exit and other vertical openings between floors of a building
shall be suitably enclosed or protected to afford reasonable safety of occupants
while using exits and to prevent spread of fire, smoke, or fumes through vertical
openings from floor to floor before occupants have entered exits.
CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR OPERATION
1. New Construction
a.No building or structure under construction shall be occupied in whole or in part
until all required means of egress required for the part to be occupied are
completed, inspected and approved for occupancy.
b. Adequate escape facilities shall be maintained at all times in buildings under
construction for the use of construction workers. These facilities shall consist of
doors, walkways, stairs, ramps, fire escapes, or other arrangements in accordance
with the general guidelines of the Fire Code of the Philippines
2. Repairs or Alterations
a. Existing buildings may be occupied during repairs or alterations provided that all
existing fire protection systems/devices are continuously maintained or, in lieu
thereof, other measures are taken to provide equivalent safety.
b. Flammable or explosive substances or equipment necessary for the repair or
alteration of a building or structure may be introduced therein while it is occupied,
only if the conditions of use and the safeguards therefore provided will not create
any additional danger or impair the use of the means of egress.
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY
1. Assembly
Assembly occupancies include all buildings or portions of buildings used for
gathering together of fifty (50) or more persons for such purposes as deliberation,
worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement, awaiting transportation, or
similar uses.
Examples:
theaters; assembly halls; auditorium; exhibition halls; museum; restaurants;
Drinking establishments places of worship; classrooms of 50 persons and over
capacity; libraries; internet shops of over 50 persons capacity; dance halls; club
rooms; skating rinks; gymnasiums; cockpit arenas; bowling facilities; pool rooms;
armories; passenger stations and terminals of air, surface, underground, and
marine public transportation facilities; Recreational facilities; piers; court-rooms;
conference rooms; and mortuary chapels or funeral homes.
2. Educational
• Educational occupancies include all buildings or portions thereof used for the
gathering of group of six (6) or more persons for purposes of instruction.
Examples:
Schools; Universities; Colleges; Academies; Nursery schools; Kindergartens; and
Child Day Care facilities.
3. Health Care
• Health care facilities are those used for purposes of medical or other treatment
or care of persons where such occupants are mostly incapable of self
preservation because of age, physical or mental disability, or because of
security measures not under the occupant’s control.
Examples:
hospitals; nursing homes; birth centers; and residential custodial care centers
such as nurseries, homes for the aged and the like.
4. Detention and Correctional
Detention and correctional buildings are those used to house
one or more persons under varied degrees of restraint or
security where such occupants are mostly incapable of self-
preservation because of security measures not under the
occupants’ control.
Examples
correctional institutions, detention facilities, community
residential centers, training schools, work camps, and
substance abuse centers where occupants are confined or
housed under some degree of restraint or security.
5. Residential
• Residential occupancies are those occupancies in which sleeping
accommodations are provided for normal residential purposes and include all
buildings designed to provide sleeping accommodations.
Examples
hotels; motels; apartelles; pension houses; inns; apartments; condominiums;
dormitories; lodging or rooming houses; and one- and two-family dwellings
6. Mercantile
Mercantile occupancies include stores, markets, and other rooms, buildings, or
structures for the display and/or sale of merchandise.
Examples:
malls; supermarkets; department stores; shopping centers; flea markets;
restaurants of less than 50 persons capacity; public/private dry and wet markets;
water refilling stations; drugstores; hardwares/construction supplies; showrooms;
and auction rooms.
7. Business
Business buildings are those used for the transaction of business other than that
covered under Mercantile, for the keeping of accounts and records and similar
purposes.
Examples:
offices for lawyers; doctors; dentists and other professionals; general offices;
City/Municipal halls; internet shops; massage parlors, beauty parlors,
barbershops of less than 50 occupants; and court houses;
8. Industrial
Industrial occupancies include factories that make products of all kinds and
properties which shall include but not limited to product processing, assembling
and disassembling, mixing, packaging, finishing or decorating, repairing and
material recovery
Examples:
factories of all kinds; laboratories; dry cleaning plants; power plants; pumping
stations; smokehouses; gas plants; refineries; sawmills, laundries; and
Creameries.
9. Storage
• Storage occupancy includes all buildings or structures utilized primarily for the
storage or sheltering of goods, merchandise, products, vehicles, or animals.
Examples:
warehouses; cold storages; freight terminals; truck and marine terminals; bulk
oil storage; LPG storage; parking garages; hangars; grain elevators; barns; and
Stables.
10. Mixed Occupancies
• Refers to two or more classes of occupancies occurring/ located/ situated/
existing in the same building and/or structures so intermingled that separate
safeguards are impracticable.
11. Miscellaneous
• This class of occupancy includes buildings or structure which cannot be properly
classified in any of the preceding occupancy groups.
Examples:
Towers, Windowless and Underground, Buildings, Piers and Water-Surrounded,
Structures and Immobilized Vehicles and Vessels.
MEANS OF EGRESS
PROTECTIVE ENCLOSURE OF EGRESS
* three storeys or less – one (1) hour
* four or more storeys – two (2) hours
* any opening shall be protected by an approved self-closing fire resistive door
* no exit enclosure shall be used for other purposes
Capacity of Means of Egress
2. Where the exits serve
more than one floor,
only the occupant load
of each floor considered
individually need be
used in computing the
capacity of the exits of
that floor
• When means of egress of
from the floor above and
below converge at an
intermediate floor, the
capacity of the means of
egress from the point of
convergence shall not be
less than the sum of the
two.
• Where any required egress
capacity from a balcony or
mezzanine passes through
the room below, the required
capacity shall be added to
the required capacity of the
room below.
MEASUREMENT OF EGRESS
1. The width of means of egress
shall be measured by clear width
Starting from the narrowest point
of the egress component under
consideration
2. Projections of not more than
one hundred fourteen millimeters
(114mm) at a maximum height of
nine hundred sixty five millimeters
(965mm) within the means of
egress on each side shall be permitted.
3. Minimum width shall not be less than
915 mm.
NUMBER OF MEANS OF EGRESS
1. The number of means of egress from any balcony, mezzanine, storey, or portion
thereof shall not be less than two(2)
2. When the occupant load for any storey or portion thereof is more than five
hundred (500) but not more than one thousand (1000), the means of egress shall
not be less than three (3); in excess thereof, the means of egress shall not be less
than four (4).
3. No doors other than hoistway door, the elevator car door, and doors shall be
allowed at the point of access to an elevator car.
4. Elevator lobbies shall have access to at least one exit.
ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS
1. Exits shall be located and exit access shall be arranged so that exits are readily
accessible at all times.
2. When exits are not immediately accessible from an open floor area, continuous
passageways, aisles, or corridors leading directly to every exit shall be maintained
and shall be arranged to provide access for each occupant to not less than two
exits by separate ways of travel.
3. Corridors shall provide exit access without passing through any intervening
rooms other than corridors, lobbies, and other spaces permitted to be open to the
corridor.
4. Remoteness shall be determined in accordance with the following:
• A. No Sprinkler:
one-half (1/2) of the length of the
maximum over-all diagonal dimension
of the building or area to be served,
measured in a straight line between
The nearest edge of the exit doors
or exit access doors.
• B. With sprinkler
the minimum separation distance
between two exits or exit access doors
shall not be less than one-third (1/3)
the length of the maximum overall
diagonal dimension of the building or
area to be served.
Sprinkler Vent Method
• Escalator openings may be protected by the "sprinkler-vent" method,
consisting of a combination of an automatic or smoke detection system,
automatic exhaust system and an automatic water curtain meeting the
design and other requirements as specified in this succeeding sections.
• The exhaust system shall be of such capacity as to create a downdraft
through the escalator floor opening. The downdraft has an average
velocity of not less than ninety one and half meters per minute (91.5
m/min) under normal conditions for a period of not less than thirty (30)
minutes.
• Operation of the exhaust system for any floor opening shall be initiated by
an approved device in the storey involved and shall be any one of the
following means in addition to a manual means of opening and testing the
system.
Sprinkler Vent Method
• a. Thermostats - fixed temperature, rate-of-rise, or a combination of
• both.
• b. Water flow in the sprinkler system.
• c. Approved supervised smoke detection. Smoke detection devices,
• if used, shall be located that the presence of smoke is detected
• before it enters the stairway.
• The water curtain shall be formed by open sprinklers or spray nozzles so located and spaced as
to form a complete and continuous barrier along all exposed sides of the floor opening and
reaching from the ceiling to the floor. Water intensity for water curtain shall be not less than
approximately thirty seven and one-fourth liters per minute (37.25 L/min) per linear meter of
water curtain, measured horizontally around the opening.
• The water curtain shall operate automatically from thermal responsive elements of fixed
temperature type so placed with respect to the ceiling (floor) opening that the water curtain
comes into action upon the advance of heat toward the escalator opening.
Spray Nozzle Methods
• Under the conditions specified in paragraph "B" (1) above, escalator
• openings may be protected by the nozzle method, consisting of a combination of
an automatic fire or smoke detection system and a system of high velocity water
spray nozzle meeting the following requirements:
• a. Spray nozzles shall be in the open type and shall have a solid conical
• spray pattern with discharged angles between forty-five (45) and ninety (90)
degrees. The number of nozzles, their discharge angles and their location shall be
such that the escalator opening between the top of the wellway housing and the
treadway will be completely filled with the dense spray on operation of the
system.
• b. The number and size of nozzles and water supply shall be sufficient
• to deliver a discharge of one and four-tenths (1.4) liters of water per square
meter per second through the wellway, area to be figured perpendicular to
treadway.
Spray Nozzle Methods
• c. Spray nozzles shall be so located as to effectively utilize the full
advantage of the cooling and counterdraft effect. They shall be so
positioned that the center line of spray discharge is as closely as possible in
line with the slope of the escalator, not more than an angle of thirty (30)
degrees with the top slope of the wellway housing. Nozzles shall be
positioned, also so that the center line of discharge is an angle of not more
than an angle of thirty (30) degrees with the top slope of the wellway
housing.
• d. Spray nozzles shall discharge at a minimum pressure of 172 KPa. Water
supply piping may be taken from the sprinkler system, provided that in so
doing an adequate supply of water will be available for the spray nozzles
and the water pressure at the sprinkler farthest from the supply riser is not
reduced beyond the required minimum.
Spray Nozzle Methods
• e. Control valves shall be readily accessible to minimize water damage.
• f. A noncombustible draft curtain shall be provided extending at least fifty one
(51) centimeters below and around the opening and a solid non-combustible
wellway housing at least one and a half (1.5) meter long measured parallel to the
handrail, and extending from the top of the handrail enclosure to the soffit of the
stairway or ceiling above, at each escalator floor opening. When necessary, spray
nozzles shall be protected against mechanical injury or tampering that might
interfere with proper discharge.
• g. The spray nozzle system shall operate automatically from thermal response
elements of the fixed temperature type, so placed with respect to the ceiling
(floor) opening that the spray nozzle system comes into action upon the advance
of heat towards the escalator opening. Supervised smoke detector located in or
near the escalator opening may be used to sound an alarm. The spray nozzle
systems shall also be provided with manual means of operation.
• h. Control valves for the spray nozzle system and approved smoke detection or
thermostatic devices shall be supervised in accordance with applicable provisions
of this IRR.
• Sprinkler systems
• Fire sprinkler systems are installed in all types of buildings,
commercial and residential. They are usually located at ceiling
level and are connected to a reliable water source, most commonly
city water. A typical sprinkler system operates when heat at the site
of a fire causes a glass component in the sprinkler head to fail,
thereby releasing the water from the sprinkler head. This means that
only the sprinkler head at the fire location operates - not all the
sprinklers on a floor or in a building. Sprinkler systems help to
reduce the growth of a fire, thereby increasing life safety and
limiting structural damage
 Automatic Sprinkler System
• The installation of sprinkler system requires special
planning in new building design and usually involves an
extensive renovation of an existing building. The sprinkler
system may be installed in the following types of buildings or
sections of a building as a first aid assistance. i.e. apartment
houses, club houses, colleges, dormitories, hospitals, hotels,
office buildings, and the basement used as car parking's.
• Automatic sprinklers are connected to a water distribution
system. A sprinkler nozzle is closed by a fusible plug that
melts at a predetermined temperature, above normal
room temperature, releasing water to fall on the source of
heat.
Automatic Sprinkler System
Automatic Sprinkler System
• Sprinklers have the advantage of quickly
supplying water to fire before it gain dangerous
headway and of preventing the access of air to
the fire by smothering it with water.
• In some cases an open head sprinkler system for
the protection of the interior of the building is
provided.
Sprinkler Classification
• An automatic sprinkler head is a fire extinguisher
nozzle, closed in a state of readiness by a heat sensitive
release element.
• The sprinkler may be classified as :
• (a) Sprinkler based on Release:
• Fusable element Sprinkler is opened under the influence
of heat by the melting of eutectic metal or chemical.
• Glass bulb sprinklers are opened under the influence of
heat by the destruction of the glass bulb through pressure
of the fluid enclosed therein.
Sprinkler Classification

• Sprinkler based on water distribution

• Conventional Sprinkler – The Conventional sprinkler have
a spherical water distribution directed towards the ground
and the ceiling for the definite protection area.
• Umbrella Sprinklers- The umbrella sprinklers have a
parabolic water distribution directed towards the ground for
a definite protection area with some of water sprays the
ceilings
• Sidewall Sprinkler- The sidewall sprinkler has a one –sided
half-parabolic water distribution directed towards the ground
for a definite protection area.
Sprinkler Heads
 Sprinkler Heads

 Types;

 Upright
 Pendant
 Sidewall
 Recessed heads
Frangible Bulb Head
frangible bulb
fusible link
Chemical pellet
 Sprinkler Heads

 Storage Cabinet;

 extra heads
 sprinkler wrench

Cabinets hold a minimum of six sprinklers and

sprinkler wrench in accordance with NFPA® 13.

• Less than 300 heads min 6 spares

• 300 – 1,000 heads min 12 spares
• More than 1000 heads min 24 spares
Sprinkler Classification
• Sprinkler based on Arrangements
• Universal Sprinkler – This Could be upright and pendent.
• Upright Sprinkler- Upright sprinklers are so arranged, that the stream of water is directed
upwards against the distribution plate.
• Pendent Sprinklers: Pendent sprinkler are so arrangement that the stream of water is
directed downward against the distribution plate.
• Dry Pendent Sprinkler: Dry pendent sprinkler are kept free of water while in a
state of readiness by a special catch construction in the down pipe
• Dry upright sprinkler Dry upright sprinkler are upright sprinkler, which are kept
free of water while in a state of readiness by a special catch construction up into unheated
roof space.
• Ceiling Sprinklers: Ceilings sprinklers, in which part of the body of the sprinkler
may be mounted above the lower plane of ceiling.
Sprinkler Classification
Sprinkler System Design
• The following step may be taken to arrive at suitable sprinkler system
• Draw an architectural plan and other indicating the location and size
of the water supplies, connecting pipes, feed main risers, gate, check
alarm etc.
• The sprinkler system piping is installed parallel to the ceiling, and the
maximum distance being 250 mm from ceiling
• Under the ceiling the area per sprinkler is taken as 6 sq. m to 9 sq. m.
• The number of sprinklers on each branch is taken to minimum 8
• If the number increase beyond 8, it is advisable to have 65 mm supply pipe
for the same.
Sprinkler System Design
STANDPIPES
• A. The design, installation and maintenance of Standpipe Systems shall be
in accordance with NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe,
Private Hydrant and Hose Systems.
• B. Classes of Standpipe System
• 1. A standpipe system shall be any of the following:
• a. Class I System. This system is provided with 64 mm (2 ½ in.) hose
connections for full-scale firefighting at the following designated building
locations:
• i. At each intermediate landing between floor levels in every required exit
stairway;
• ii. On each side of the wall adjacent to the exit openings of horizontal exits;
• iii. In each exit passageway at the entrance from the building areas into the
passageway;
STANDPIPES
• iv. In covered mall buildings, at the entrance to each exit passageway or
exit corridor, and at exterior public entrances to the mall;

• v. At the highest landing of stairways with stairway access to a roof and on

the roof where stairways do not access the roof. An additional 64 mm (2 ½
in) hose connection shall be provided at the hydraulically most remote riser
to facilitate testing of the system;

• vi. Where the most remote portion of a nonsprinklered floor or storey is

located in excess of 40 meters of travel distance from a required exit
containing or adjacent to a hose connection, or the most remote portion of
a sprinklered floor or storey is located in excess of 61 meters of travel
distance from a required exit containing or adjacent to a hose connection,
additional hose connections shall be provided, in approved locations,
where required by the BFP.
STANDPIPES
• b. Class II System. This a hose connection provided with 38 mm (1 ½
in.) hose or within thirty seven meters (37 m) of a hose connection
system shall be provided with 38 mm (1 ½ in.) hose connections for
first aid fire fighting, so that all portions of each floor level of the
building are within forty meters (40 m) of provided with less 38 mm (1
½ in.) hose. Distances shall be measured along a path of travel
originating at the hose connection

• c. Class III System. This system shall be provided with hose

connections as required for both Class I and Class II system
Dry STANDPIPES
• 1. Dry standpipes shall be used for Class I system.
• 2. All buildings with required enclosed stairway or smokeproof
enclosure shall have at least one dry standpipe outlet connection
located at every floor level landing above the first floor of every
required enclosure. No point within a building, requiring dry
standpipes, shall be more than forty meters (40 m) travel distance
from a dry standpoint outlet connection.
• 3. Dry standpipes shall not be concealed in building walls or built into
pilasters. Portions of dry standpipes systems not located within an
enclosed stairway or smokeproof enclosure shall be protected by a
degree of fire resistance equal to that required for vertical enclosures
in the building in which they are located.
Detailed requirements for Dry STANDPIPES
• Construction. Fittings and connections shall be of sufficient strength to
withstand 300 psi (21 kg/cm2) of water pressure when ready for service.
All dry standpipes shall be tested hydrostatically to withstand not less than
50 psi (3.5 kg/cm2) above the maximum working pressure.
• Piping. All horizontal runs of dry standpipes systems shall have a twenty
(20%) percent slope for the purpose of draining. Where pipe traps occur in
such standpipes systems including fire service connections, they shall be
provided with drains. Pipings shall not pass through hazardous areas and
shall be located so that it is protected from mechanical and fire damage.
• Size. The size of the standpipe shall have a diameter of at least 102 mm (4
in.) in buildings in which the highest outlet is twenty three (23) meters or
less above the fire service connections and shall not be less than 153 mm
(6 in.) where the highest outlet is higher than twenty three meters (23 m)
above the fire service connection.
Detailed requirements for Dry STANDPIPES
• Fire Service Connections. Fire service connections shall be in the street
side of the buildings, fully visible and recognizable from the street or
nearest point of fire apparatus accessibility. And shall be located and
arranged so that hose lines can be attached to the inlets without
interference from nearby objects, including buildings, fences, posts, or
other fire service connections.
• All one hundred two millimeters (102 mm) dry standpipes shall be
equipped with a four-way fire service connection. All fire service
connections shall be located on a street front, not less than forty six
centimeters (46cm) or more than one hundred twenty two centimeters
(122cm) above grade and shall be equipped with an approved straight way
check valve and substantial plugs or caps. All fire service connections shall
be protected against mechanical injury and shall be visible and accessible.
More than on fire service connection may be required.
Detailed requirements for Dry STANDPIPES
• Valves. Connections other than for fire service use shall be provided with
an approved indicating-type valve and check valve located close to the
supply such as tanks, pumps, and connections from waterworks system.
Valves shall be provided to allow isolation of a standpipe without
interrupting the supply to other standpipes from the same source of
supply.
• Outlets. Each standpipe shall be equipped with an approved sixty four
millimeters (64 mm) outlet not less than sixty one centimeters (61 cm) nor
more than one hundred twenty two centimeters (122 cm) above the floor
of each storey. All dry standpipe shall be equipped with a two way sixty
four millimeters (64 mm) outlet above the roof line of the building when
the roof has a slope of less than thirty centimeters (30 cm) long wrench
may be used in connecting the hose with clearance for the wrench on all
sides of the outlet. Standpipes located in smokeproof enclosures shall
have outlets located in the vestibule or on the balcony.
Detailed requirements for Dry STANDPIPES
• Standpipes outlets in stairway enclosures or smoke towers shall be
so located that the exit doors do not interfere with the use of the
outlet. All outlets shall be equipped with an approved valve cap and
chains.
• Signs. An approved durable sign with raised letters of at least twenty
five millimeters (25mm) in height shall be permanently attached to
all fire Service street connections, cast on a plate or fitting that reads
“DRY STANDPIPE”. A sign indicating the pressure required at the
inlets to deliver the system demand shall also be provided.
Pillar or Post Hydrant
 Systems of Fire Fighting
• Flush Hydrant
• These hydrant are installed underground in a brick or cast iron chamber
with its top cover slightly above the street level. Letter F.H. are inscribed on the
top of cover for identification. A flush hydrant consists of following components,
one sluice valve, a duck-foot bend, a 65 mm dia instantaneous type coupling. Cast
Iron Cap permanently secured to the duck-foot bend by means of a chain.
Hydrants are connected to underground distribution main by flanged joints.
• Hydrants are also used for street washings, flush sewers and watering
gardens.
• Residual Pressure heads recommended at fire hydrants, for which provision is
generally made while designing a system
• With pump engine 10 to 14 m
• For direct flow 42 to 53 m
Wet Standpipes
• 1. Wet standpipe system extending from the cellar or basement into the
topmost storey shall be required in the following:
• a. Assembly occupancies with an occupant load exceeding one thousand
(1,000);
• b. Educational, healthcare and detention and correctional, business and
mercantile, industrial, and hotels and apartments occupancies, four or
more storeys in height, and
• c. Hazardous storage and business and mercantile occupancies having a
floor area exceeding one thousand eight hundred sixty square meters
(1,860 m2) per floor.
• 2. However, the preceding provision does not apply to:
• a. Buildings equipped throughout with an approved, supervised sprinkler
system.
• b. Basement or cellars equipped with approved, supervised sprinkler
system.
Detailed requirements for Wet Standpipes
• Construction. Wet standpipes shall be installed and tested as required for
the water distribution system within the building.
• Size. The size of the standpipes shall not be less than 64 mm (2 ½ in.) in
diameter.
• Outlets. All interior wet standpipes shall be equipped with thirty eight
millimeters (38 mm) valve in each storey, including the basement or cell
roof of the building and located not less than ninety one centimeters
(91cm) nor more than one hundred eighty two centimeters (182 cm)
above the floor.
• Water Supply. The wet standpipe shall deliver not less than one hundred
thirty two liters (132 ℓ) of water per minute at not less than one and
eight-tenths (1.8) kilos per square centimeters residual pressures from
each of any two outlets flowing simultaneously for thirty (30) minutes.
When more than one interior wet standpipe is required in the building,
such standpipes may be connected at their bases or highest points by
pipes of equal size.
Detailed requirements for Wet Standpipes
• When more than one interior wet standpipe is required in the building,
such standpipes may be connected at their bases or highest points by pipes
of equal size. Where combination standpipes are installed, the thirty eight
millimeters (38 mm) outlet system may be supplied from the combination
system with a fifty one millimeters (51 mm) connecting line.
• Pressure and Gravity Tanks. Pressure or gravity tanks shall have a
capacity sufficient to furnish at least two hundred sixty five (265) liters of
water per minutes for thirty (30) minutes. Other such tanks shall be
located so as to provide not less than one and eight-tenths (1.8) kilos per
square centimeters residual pressure from each of two (2) outlets flowing
simultaneously for thirty (30) minutes. Discharge pipes from pressure
tanks shall extend five (5) centimeters from and into the bottom of such
tanks. All tanks shall be equipped with a manhole, ladder and platform,
drainpipe, water pressure gauges, and a pressure relief valve.
Detailed requirements for Wet Standpipes
• Each pressure tanks shall be tested in place after installation and proved
tight at a hydrostatic pressure required, but not less than ten (10) kilogram
per square centimeters. Where such tanks are used also for domestic
purposes, the supply take off for such purposes shall be located above the
required capacity of such tanks. Supply tanks shall be supported on non-
combustible construction with not less than ninety one (91) centimeters
clearances over the top and under the bottom of an adjacent construction.
Approved pressure gauges shall be provided at pressure tanks and t the fire
pump.
• Fire Pumps. Fire pumps shall be approved and shall deliver not less than
the required fire flow and pressure. Such pumps shall be supplied with
adequate power source and shall be automatic in operation. Where the
wet standpipe system is supplied with water from the domestic supply of
building, approved fire pumps shall not be required provided the domestic
pump used delivers the required fire flow.
Detailed requirements for Wet Standpipes
• Hose and Hose Reels. Each wet standpipe outlet shall be supplied with a
hose not less than thirty eight millimeters (38 mm) in diameter. Such hose
shall be equipped with an approved variable for nozzle. An approved hose
reel rack or cabinet shall be provided and shall be located so as to make
the hose accessible. The hose reel rack or cabinet shall be recessed in the
wall or protected by suitable cabinet.
• Connection to Fire-Sprinkler System. Wet standpipe system may be
supplied from a sprinkler system only when a compliance with NFPA 13,
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler System.
• Signs. Signs shall be provided. If automatic sprinklers are also supplied by
the fire service connection, the sign or combination of signs shall indicate
both designated services. The sign shall read “STANDPIPE AND
AUTOSPKR” or “AUTOSPKR AND STANDPIPE”.
Detailed requirements for Wet Standpipes
• Pressure Reduction. Where the static pressure at any standpipe
outlet exceeds seven (7) kilos per square-centimeter, an approved
pressure reduction device shall be permanently installed at the outlet
to reduce the water flow so that the nozzle pressure does not exceed
five and six tenths (5.6) kilos per square centimeter in accordance
with Table 7.
Combination standpipes
1. All combination standpipes shall comply with the requirements of
this Section. Design and installation shall be in accordance with NFPA
14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe, Private Hydrant and Hose
Systems. Where a combination standpipe system is installed in
accordance with section, a separate dry standpipe system need not be
installed.
2. Required combination standpipes shall be maintained in accordance
with this Section.
Detailed requirements for combination Standpipes
• Construction. Combination standpipe system shall be installed and
tested as required for dry standpipe system in accordance with para
“C”.
• Size. Combination standpipe system shall not less than one hundred
fifty millimeters (150 mm) in diameter..
• Riser shut off valve and drain. Each individual riser must be
equipped with an OS and Y valve at its base and an approved valve
for draining.
• Fire Service Connections. All combination standpipe systems shall be
equipped with a four-way fire service connection. Combination
standpipe system with three or more standpipes shall be provided
with not less than two four-way service inlet connection..
Detailed requirements for combination Standpipes
• All fire service connections shall be located on a street front not less than
forty six centimeters (46 cm) nor more than one hundred twenty two
centimeters (122 cm) above grade and shall be equipped with an
approved straight-way check valve and substantial plugs or caps. All fire
service connections shall be protected against mechanical injury and shall
be visible and accessible.
• Outlets. Every standpipe shall be equipped with a sixty four millimeters
(64 mm) outlet of not less than sixty one centimeter (61 cm) nor more
than one hundred twenty two centimeter (122 cm) above the floor level
at each storey. All standpipes shall be equipped with three-way sixty four
millimeters (64 mm) outlet above the roof line when the roof has a slope
of less than thirty four percent (34%). Roof outlets are not required for
roofs with a greater than thirty four (34%) percent.
Detailed requirements for combination Standpipes
• All outlets shall be installed so that a thirty centimeters (30 cm) long
wrench may be used in connecting the hose with wrench clearance on all
sides of the outlet. Standpipes located in smokeproof enclosures shall have
outlets at the vestibule with thirty meters (30 m) of sixty four millimeters
(64 mm) approved unlined fabric hose with twenty five and four-tenths
millimeters (25.4 mm) orifice, straight-tipped brass nozzle without a
shutoff at the nozzle unless waived by the Chief, BFP or his duly authorized
representative. Such outlets shall be identified with a sign having seventy
six millimeter (76 mm) high letters reading; “BFP USE ONLY”. The hose and
nozzle shall be installed in an approved hose cabinet. An approved drip
cock or drain connection shall be located between the standpipes outlet
and the hose. Roof outlets need not be provided with hoses
• Signs. An approved durable sign with raised letter at least twenty five
millimeters (25mm) high shall be permanently attached to all fire service
street connections and test connection, and such sign shall read
“COMBINATION STANDPIPE AND TEST CONNECTION”.
Buildings under construction
• During the construction of the building and until the permanent fire
extinguishing system has been installed and is in service, fire protection
shall be provided in accordance with this Section.
• Every building, six storeys or more in height, shall be provided with not
less than one standpipe for fire service use during construction. Such
standpipes shall be installed when the progress of construction is not
more than fifteen meters (15m) in height above grade. Such standpipe
shall be provided with fire service inlet connecting at accessible locations
adjacent to usable stairs. Such standpipe system shall be extended as
construction progresses to within one floor of the highest point of
construction having secured decking or flooring
• In each floor there shall be provided sixty four millimeter (64mm) valve
outlet for fire service use. When construction height requires installation
of a combination standpipe, fire pumps and water main connection shall
be provided to serve the standpipe.
Buildings under construction
• Temporary standpipes may be provided in place of permanent
system if they are designed to furnish two hundred eighty four liters
(284ℓ) of water per minute at three and one half kilograms (3.5 kg)
per square centimeters pressure with a standpipe of not less than
ten centimeters (10 cm). All outlets shall not be less than sixty four
millimeters (64 mm). Pumping equipment sufficient.
• Standpipe system for building under construction shall be installed as
required for permanent standpipe system.
Basement Pipe Inlets
• Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floor of every storey,
warehouse, or factory having cellar or basement.
• The location of basement/pipe inlet shall be as required by the City/Municipal
Fire Marshal having jurisdiction.
• All basement pipe inlets shall be of cast iron, steel, brass, or bronze with lids of
cast bronze.
• The basement pipe inlet shall consist of a sleeve not less than twenty centimeter
(20cm) inside diameter extending through the floor and terminating flush with
or through the basement or cellar ceiling and shall have a top flange recessed
with an inside shoulder to receive the lid. The top flange shall be installed flush
with finish floor surface. The lid shall be a solid casting and have a lift recesses in
the top. This lid shall be provided with a casting sign reading: “FIRE SERVICE
ONLY, DO NOT COVER.” The lid shall be installed in such a manner to permit its
easy removal from the flange shoulder.
• Standpipe hose threads and pressure regulation device settings shall be
compatible with the threads, hose and nozzles used by the BFP.
Basement Pipe Inlets
• Each standpipe shall be provided with a means of draining. A drain
valve
• and piping, located at the lowest point of the standpipe piping
• downstream of the isolation valve, shall be arranged to discharge
water
• at an approved location. Sizing shall be specified in Table 8 below.
PORTABLE AND WHEELED FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• The City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction shall designate
the type and number of fire extinguishers to be installed and
maintained in all buildings, structures and facilities, but shall not be
less than the minimum requirements as outlined in this Section.
• All buildings, structures and facilities shall be installed with portable
fire extinguishers that are designed, installed and maintained in
accordance with this Section. Fire extinguishers shall be installed
even if the property is equipped with automatic sprinklers, standpipe
and hose, or other fixed protection equipment.
 Classification of hazards
• 1. Low Hazard
• Light hazard occupancies are locations where the total amount of Class A combustible
materials, including furnishings, decorations, and contents, is of minor quantity. This
can include some buildings or rooms occupied as offices, classrooms, churches,
assembly halls, guest room areas of hotels/motels, and so forth. This classification
anticipates that majority of content items are either noncombustible or so arranged
that a fire is not likely to spread rapidly. Small amounts of class B flammables used for
duplicating machines, art departments, and so forth, are included, provided that they
are kept in closed containers and safely stored.
• 2. Moderate Hazard
• Ordinary hazard occupancies are locations where the total amount of Class A
combustibles and Class B flammables are present in greater amounts than expected
under light (low) hazard occupancies. These occupancies could consist of dining
areas, mercantile shops, and allied storage; light manufacturing, research operations,
auto showrooms, parking garages, workshop or support service areas of light (low)
hazard occupancies; and warehouses containing Class I or Class II commodities as
defined by NFPA 231, Standard for General Storage.
Classification of hazards
• 3. High Hazard
• Extra hazard occupancies are locations where the total amount of
Class A combustibles and Class B flammables present, in storage,
production, use, finished product, or combination thereof, is over and
above those expected in occupancies classed as ordinary (moderate)
hazard. These occupancies could consist of woodworking, vehicle
repair, aircraft and boat servicing, cooking areas, individual product
display showrooms, product convention center displays, and storage
and manufacturing processes such as painting, dipping, and coating,
including flammable liquid handling. Also included is warehousing of
or in-process storage of other than Class I and Class II commodities.
Classification, Ratings, and Performance of Fire
Extinguishers
1. Portable fire extinguishers are classified for use on certain classes of
fires and rated for relative extinguishing effectiveness as
determined by the Bureau of Product Standard, DTI.

2. The classification are as follows

Class A: fires involving ordinary combustible solid materials
Class B : fires in flammable and combustible liquid and gas
Class C: fires involving energized electrical equipment
Class D: fires involving combustible metal fires
General requirements for fire extinguishers
• The classification of fire extinguishers shall consist of a letter that indicates
the class of fire on which a fire extinguisher has been found to be
effective, preceded by a rating number (Class A and Class B only) that
indicates the relative extinguishing effectiveness, except for fire
extinguishers classified for use on Class C, Class D hazards shall not be
required to have a number preceding the classification letter.
• Portable fire extinguishers shall be maintained in a fully charged and
operable condition, and kept in their designated places at all times when
they are not being used.
• Fire extinguishers shall be conspicuously located where they will be readily
accessible and immediately available in the event of fire. Preferably they
shall be located along normal paths of travel, including exits from areas.
General requirements for fire extinguishers
• The following types of fire extinguishers are considered obsolete and shall
be removed from service:
a. soda acid
b. chemical foam (excluding film-forming agents)
c. vaporizing liquid (e.g., carbon tetrachloride)
d. cartridge-operated water
e. cartridge-operated loaded stream
f. copper or brass shell (excluding pump tanks) joined by soft solder or rivets
Cabinets housing fire extinguishers shall not be locked, except where fire
extinguishers are subject to malicious use, locked cabinets shall be permitted
to be used, provided they include means of emergency access.
 General requirements for fire extinguishers
• Fire extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view, except in
large rooms, and in certain locations where visual obstruction cannot be
completely avoided, arrows, lights, signs, or coding of the wall are the
acceptable means of identifying its location.
• Portable fire extinguishers other than wheeled types shall be securely
installed on the hanger or in the bracket supplied or placed in cabinets or
wall recesses. The hanger or bracket shall be securely and properly anchored
to the mounting surface in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Wheeled-type fire extinguishers shall be located in a designated location.
Portable fire extinguishers other than wheeled types shall be securely
installed on the hanger or in the bracket supplied or placed in cabinets or
wall recesses. The hanger or bracket shall be securely and properly anchored
to the mounting surface in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
Wheeled type fire extinguishers shall be located in a designated location.
General requirements for fire extinguishers
• Fire extinguishers installed under conditions where they are subject
to physical damage, (e.g., from impact, vibration, the environment)
shall be adequately protected.
• Fire extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding eighteen
kilogram (18 kg) shall be installed so that the top of the fire
extinguisher is not more than one and five-tenths meter (1.5 m)
above the floor. Fire extinguishers having a gross weight greater than
eighteen kilogram (18 kg), except wheeled types, shall be so installed
that the top of the fire extinguisher is not more than one meter (1.0
m) above the floor. In no case shall the clearance between the
bottom of the fire extinguisher and the floor be less than one
hundred millimeters (100 mm).
General requirements for fire extinguishers
• Extinguisher operating instructions, original manufacturer’s labels, labels
that specifically relate to the extinguisher’s operation or fire classification,
or inventory control labels specific to that extinguisher shall be located on
the front face of the extinguisher and be clearly visible, except the
hazardous materials identification systems (HMIS) labels, six-year
maintenance labels, hydrotest labels, or other labels.
• Fire extinguishers mounted in cabinets or wall recesses shall be placed so
that the fire extinguisher operating instructions face outward. The
location of such fire extinguishers shall be marked conspicuously.
• Where fire extinguishers are installed in closed cabinets that are exposed
to elevated temperatures, the cabinets shall be provided with screened
openings and drains. Vented fire extinguisher cabinets should utilize tinted
glass and should be constructed to prevent the entrance of insects and the
accumulation of water. Vented fire extinguisher cabinets constructed in
this manner will lower the maximum internal temperature 5.6°C to 8.3°C.
General requirements for fire extinguishers
• Water-type (e.g., water, AFFF, FFFP) fire extinguishers shall not beinstalled
in areas where the temperatures are outside the range of 40°f to 120°f
(4°c to 49°c). All other types shall not be installed in areas where
temperatures are outside the range of -40°f to 120°f (-40°c to 49°c). Fire
extinguishers shall not be exposed to temperatures outside of the range
shown on the fire extinguisher label, except: where it is installed in
locations subject to temperatures outside these ranges, it shall be of a
type approved and listed for the temperature to which it is exposed, or it
shall be placed in an enclosure capable of maintaining the stipulated
temperature range.
• The fire extinguisher owner or the owner’s agent shall be provided with an
instruction manual that details condensed instructions and cautions
necessary to the installation, operation, inspection, and maintenance of
the fire extinguisher(s). The manual shall refer to this standard as a source
of detailed instruction.
 Size and placements of fire extinguishers (class A)

• Two 2-A rated fire extinguisher, provided they are installed adjacent to each other, may be used
to fulfill the requirements of one 3-A or 4-A rated extinguisher.
• The protection requirements shall be permitted to be fulfilled with fire extinguishers of higher
rating, provided the travel distance to such larger fire extinguishers does not exceed fifteen
meters (15 m).
• In cases where building spaces are compartmentalized or separated from each other by fire
barriers, each compartment not exceeding the maximum protection area specified Table 9 shall
be provided with at least one (1) fire extinguisher.
 Size and placements of fire extinguishers (class B)

Class B Hazards (other than for fires in flammable liquids of appreciable depth)
• The protection requirements shall be permitted to be fulfilled with fire
extinguishers of higher rating, provided the travel distance to such larger fire
extinguishers does not exceed fifteen meters (15 m).
• In cases where building spaces are compartmentalized or separated from each
other by fire barriers, each compartment not exceeding the maximum protection
area specified Table 10 shall be provided with at least 1 fire extinguisher.
Size and placements of fire extinguishers (class B)
Class B Hazards in Flammable Liquids of Appreciable Depth
(greater than 0.6 cm)
• Portable fire extinguishers shall not be installed as the sole protection for flammable
liquid hazards of appreciable depth where the surface area exceeds one square meters
(1.0 m2 )
• For flammable liquid hazards of appreciable depth, a Class B fire extinguisher shall be
provided on the basis of at least two numerical units of Class B extinguishing potential
per square meters of flammable liquid surface of the largest hazard area.
• Travel distances for portable fire extinguishers shall not exceed ten meters (10 m).
Size and placements of fire extinguishers

Class C Hazards
Fire extinguishers with Class C ratings shall be required where energized
electrical equipment can be encountered that would require a nonconducting
extinguishing medium. This requirement includes situations where fire either
directly involves or surrounds electrical equipment. Since the fire itself is a
Class A or Class B hazard, the fire extinguishers shall be sized and located on
the basis of the anticipated Class A or class B hazard.
Class D Hazards
• Fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents with Class D ratings shall be
provided for fires involving combustible metals.
• Fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents (media) shall be located not more
than fifteen meters (15 m) of travel distance from the Class D hazard.
Size and placements of fire extinguishers

• Portable fire extinguishers or extinguishing agents (media) for Class D hazards

shall be provided in those work areas where combustible metal powders,
flakes, shavings, chips, or similarly sized products are generated.
• Size determination shall be on the basis of the specific combustible metal, its
physical particle size, area to be covered, and recommendations by the fire
extinguisher manufacturer on data from control tests conducted.
CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Fill, Return, Supply and Vent Piping
• A fill pipe on a tank larger than two hundred twenty seven liters (227 ℓ)
capacity shall terminate outside of a building at least sixty centimeters(60
cm) from any building opening. Every fill pipe terminal shall be equipped
with a tight cover.
• A return line from a burner or pump to a supply tank shall enter through the
top of the tank.
• An auxiliary tank installed in the supply between a burner and its main
supply tank shall be filled by pumping from the storage tanks.
• All piping, except the burner supply line from a tank having a capacity not
over two thousand liters (2,000 ℓ) and the cross connection between two
such tanks having an aggregate capacity of two thousand liters (2,000 ℓ) or
less, shall be connected into the top of the supply tank.
CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
The burner supply connection to the tanks or tanks having a capacity of more
than two thousand liters (2,000 ℓ) shall be connected to the top of the tank. In
commercial and industrial installations for numbers 5&6 oil, the burner supply
connection may be below the liquid level but each such connection shall be
provided with an approved valve.
• Pressure feed from tanks is prohibited.
• All tanks in which a constant oil level is not maintained by an automatic pump
shall be equipped with an approved method of determining the oil level.
Pumps, Piping and Valves
• An oil pump, not part of an approved burner, shall be of a positive
displacement type, which automatically shuts off the oil supply when the oil
pump is stopped.
CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
The burner supply connection to the tanks or tanks having a capacity of more
than two thousand liters (2,000 ℓ) shall be connected to the top of the tank. In
commercial and industrial installations for numbers 5&6 oil, the burner supply
connection may be below the liquid level but each such connection shall be
provided with an approved valve.
• Pressure feed from tanks is prohibited.
• All tanks in which a constant oil level is not maintained by an automatic pump
shall be equipped with an approved method of determining the oil level.
Pumps, Piping and Valves
• An oil pump, not part of an approved burner, shall be of a positive
displacement type, which automatically shuts off the oil supply when the oil
pump is stopped.
CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

• All piping shall be standard full weight wrought iron, steel or brass pipe with standard
fittings or brass or copper tubing fittings of an approved type, except that approved
flexible metal hose, may be used for reducing the effect of jarring and vibration or
where rigid connections are impractical. Cast iron fittings shall not be used.
• Aluminum tubing shall not be used between fuel oil tank and the burner unit.
• Pipes used in the installation of all burners and appliances other than conversion range
oil burner shall not be smaller than ninety-five millimeters (95 mm), iron pipe size on
ninety-five millimeters (95 mm) outside diameter tubing.
• Piping between conversion range burners and tanks shall be standard steel, wrought
iron, or brass pipe not smaller than six and four tenth millimeters (6.4 mm) in size or
brass or copper tubing not less than eight millimeters (8 mm) outside diameter with a
wall thickness not less than one and one fourth millimeters (1.25 mm).
CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
• Piping shall be substantially supported and protected against physical damage and,
where necessary protected against corrosion. All buried piping shall be protected
against corrosion.
• Pipe joints and connections shall be made tight with suitable lubricant or pipe
compound. Unions requiring gaskets or packing, right and left couplings, and sweat
fittings, shall not be used in oil lines.
• Proper allowance shall be made for expansion, contraction, jarring and vibration.
• Where supplies are set below the level of the burner, the oil piping shall be so laid as
to pitch toward the supply tank without traps.
• Readily accessible manual shut-off valves shall be installed to avoid oil spillages
during servicing. The valve shall be installed to close against the supply.
CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
• Where the shut-off valve installed in the discharge line of an oil pump that is
not an integral part of a burner, a pressure relief valve shall be connected into
the discharge line between the pump shut-off valve and arranged to return
surplus oil to the supply tank or to bypass it around.
• Where oil is supplied to a burner requiring uniform flow by gravity feed and a
constant level valve is not incorporated in the burning assembly or the oil is
not supplied by an automatic pump, a constant level valve shall be installed in
the supply line at the gravity tank or as close thereto as practicable, to insure
uniform delivery of oil to the burner. The vent opening of such constant level
valve shall be provided with an anti-flooding device. Vent piping or tubing or
constant level valve shall not be connected to tanks or tank vents.
DEAD-END LIMITS
• Means of egress shall be so arranged that there are no dead-end pockets,
hallways, corridors, passage ways or courts whose depth exceeds the limits
specified in individual occupancies.
Measurement of Travel Distance to Exits
A. The maximum travel distance in any occupied space to the nearest exit shall
not exceed the limits specified for individual occupancies by Divisions 8 through
17 of this Chapter. Maximum travel distance shall be determined as follows:
1. measured on the floor or other walking surface along the center line of the
natural path of travel;
2. starting from the most remote point subject to occupancy;
3. curving around any corner or construction with a 30 cm clearance there from;
4. and ending at the center of the doorway or other point at which the exit begins;
5. Where measurement includes stairs, it shall be taken in the place of the tread
nosing.
B. Where open stairways or ramps are permitted, as a path of travel to required
exit, such as between mezzanines or balconies and the floor below, the distance
shall include the travel on the stairway or ramp, and the travel from the end of the
stairway or ramp to reach an outside door or other exit, in addition to the distance
to reach the stairway or ramp.
C. Where any part of an exterior way of exit access is within 3 m horizontal
distance of any unprotected building opening, as permitted by Section 10.2.5.5 for
outside stairs, the distance to the exit shall include the length of travel to ground
level.
DISCHARGE FROM EXITS
1. All exits shall terminate directly at a public way or at an (exterior) exit
discharge. Yards, courts, open space or other portions of the exit discharge
shall be of required width and size to provide all occupants with a safe access
to a public way.
2. Where permitted, a maximum of 50% of the exits may discharge through areas
on the floor of discharge provided all of the following requirements are met:
Exits shall discharge to a free and unobstructed way to the exterior of the
building and is readily visible and identifiable from the point of discharge
from the exit.
The entire area on the floor of discharge is separated from areas below by
construction having a minimum of two-hour (2-hr) fire resistance rating.
The floor of discharge into which the exit discharges and any other portion of
the level of discharge with access to the discharge areas are protected with
approved, supervised sprinkler system or separated from it in accordance
with the requirement for the enclosure of exits except if the discharge area is
a vestibule or foyer complying with all of the following, and where allowed in
Divisions 8 through 17:
i. The depth from the exterior of the building is not greater than three
meters (3m);
ii. The length is not greater than six meters (6m);
iii. The foyer is separated from the remainder of the level of discharge
by construction providing protection at least the equivalent of wired
glass in steel frames; and the foyer serves only for means of egress
including exits directly to the outside.
3. Stairs and other exits shall be so arranged as to make clear the direction of
egress to the street. Exit stairs that continue beyond the floor of discharge shall be
interrupted at the floor of discharge by partitions, doors, or other effective means.
4. Stairs, ramps, bridges, balconies, escalators, moving walks and other
components of an exit discharge shall comply with the detailed requirements of
this Division for such components.
HEADRROM
• The minimum headroom shall not be less than two meters (2 m) nor any
projection from the ceiling be less than two meters (2 m) from the floor.
DOORS
* min width – 71 cm clear width
* max width – 122 cm
• Fire protection in land-based buildings, offshore construction or onboard
ships is typically achieved via all of the following:
• Passive fire protection - the installation of firewalls and fire rated floor
assemblies to form fire compartments intended to limit the spread of fire, high
temperatures, and smoke.
• Active fire protection - manual and automatic detection and suppression of
fires, such as fire sprinkler systems and (fire alarm) systems.
• Education - the provision of information regarding passive and active fire
protection systems to building owners, operators, occupants, and emergency
personnel so that they have a working understanding of the intent of these systems
and how they perform in the fire safety plan.
Passive Fire Protection
• Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is an integral component of the three components of structural fire
protection and fire safety in a building. PFP attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through
use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors (amongst other examples).
• The aim for Passive Fire Protection systems is typically demonstrated in fire testing the ability to
maintain the item or the side to be protected at or below either
140 °C (for walls, floors and electrical circuits required to have a fire- resistance rating) or
ca. 550 °C, which is considered the critical temperature for structural steel, above which it is in
jeopardy of losing its strength, leading to collapse. Smaller components, such as fire dampers, fire
doors, etc., follow suit in the main intentions of the basic standard for walls and floors. Fire
testing involves live fire exposures upwards of 1100 °C, depending on the fire- resistance rating
and duration one is after. More items than just fire exposures are typically required to be tested to
ensure the survivability of the system under realistic conditions.
• To accomplish these aims, many different types of materials are employed in
the design and construction of systems.
•Passive fire protection
• fire-resistance rated walls
• firewalls not only have a rating, they are also designed to sub-divide buildings such that if collapse occurs on one
side, this will not affect the other side. They can also be used to eliminate the need for sprinklers, as a trade-off.
• fire-resistant glass using multi-layer intumescent technology or wire mesh embedded within the glass may be used in
the fabrication of fire-resistance rated windows in walls or fire doors.
• fire-resistance rated floors
• occupancy separations (barriers designated as occupancy separations are intended to segregate parts of buildings,
where different uses are on each side; for instance, apartments on one side and stores on the other side of the
occupancy separation).
• closures (fire dampers) Sometimes firestops are treated in building codes identically to closures. Canada de-rates
closures, where, for instance a 2 hour closure is acceptable for use in a 3 hour fire separation, so long as the fire
separation is not an occupancy separation or firewall. The lowered rating is then referred to as a fire protection rating,
both for firestops, unless they contain plastic pipes and regular closures.
• firestops
Passive fire Protection
•Passive fire protection
• grease ducts (These refer to ducts that lead from commercial cooking equipment such as
ranges, deep fryers and
double-decker and conveyor-equipped pizza ovens to grease duct fans.)
• cable coating (application of fire-retardants, which are either endothermic or intumescent,
to reduce flamespread and smoke development of combustible cable-jacketing)
• spray fireproofing (application of intumescent or endothermic paints, or fibrous or
cementitious plasters to keep substrates such as structural steel, electrical or mechanical
services, valves, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vessels, vessel skirts, bulkheads or decks
below either 140 °C for electrical items or ca. 500 °C for structural steel elements to
maintain operability of the item to be protected)
• fireproofing cladding (boards used for the same purpose and in the same applications as
spray fireproofing) Materials for such cladding include perlite, vermiculite, calcium silicate,
gypsum, intumescent epoxy, Durasteel (cellulose-fibre reinforced concrete and punched
sheet-metal bonded composite panels), MicroTherm
• enclosures (boxes or wraps made of fireproofing materials, including fire-resistive wraps
and tapes to protect speciality valves and other items deemed to require protection against
fire and heat—an analogy for this would be a safe) or the provision of circuit integrity
measures to keep electrical cables operational during an accidental fire.
 Active fire protection

• Active Fire Protection (AFP) is an integral part of fire

protection. AFP is characterised by items and/or systems,
which require a certain amount of motion and response in
order to work, contrary to passive fire protection.
 Categories of Active Fire Protection

• Active Fire Protection (AFP) is an integral part of fire protection.

AFP is characterised by items and/or systems, which require a certain
amount of motion and response in order to work, contrary to passive
fire protection.
• Fire suppression
• Fire can be controlled or extinguished, either manually (firefighting) or automatically. Manual includes the use of a fire
extinguisher or a Standpipe system. Automatic means can include a fire sprinkler system, a gaseous clean agent, or
firefighting foam system. Automatic suppression systems would usually be found in large commercial kitchens or other
high-risk areas.
• Sprinkler systems
• Fire sprinkler systems are installed in all types of buildings, commercial and residential. They are usually located at ceiling
level and are connected to a reliable water source, most commonly city water. A typical sprinkler system operates when heat
at the site of a fire causes a glass component in the sprinkler head to fail, thereby releasing the water from the sprinkler head.
This means that only the sprinkler head at the fire location operates - not all the sprinklers on a floor or in a building.
Sprinkler systems help to reduce the growth of a fire, thereby increasing life safety and limiting structural damage
Categories of Active Fire Protection
• Fire detection
• Fire is detected either by locating the smoke, flame or heat, and an alarm is
sounded to enable emergency evacuation as well as to dispatch the local fire
department. An introduction to fire detection and suppression can be found here.
Where a detection system is activated, it can be programmed to carry out other
actions. These include de-energising magnetic hold open devices on Fire doors
and opening servo-actuated vents in stairways.
• Hypoxic air fire prevention
• Fire can be prevented by hypoxic air. Hypoxic air fire prevention systems, also
known as oxygen reduction systems are new automatic fire prevention systems
that reduce permanently the oxygen concentration inside the protected volumes so
that ignition or fire spreading cannot occur. Unlike traditional fire suppression
systems that usually extinguish fire after it is detected, hypoxic air is able to
prevent fires. At lower altitudes hypoxic air is safe to breathe for healthy
individuals.
Hypoxic air fire prevention
Requirement of Water
• The quantity of water required for fire extinction depends upon the magnitude of fire and duration
taken to extinguish it. The use of non-potable water should be avoided for the fear of cross connection and
subsequent health hazards.
• The size of main ring, dry riser and wet riser, for fire fighting within a building, is designed keeping in mind
that a distant hydrant will discharge about 1000 litres per minutes at 3.5 kg/sq.cm pressure. And at any
given time at least two hydrants are in operation.
 Storage of Water
• A sufficient Quality of water for the purpose of fire fighting of the building must be made available in
an underground tank within the premises. Tank capacity may be taken as 30 min water supply at 1000
litres per minutes The water tank and cover should be designed to take load of 18 tonnes vehicular load if
flush below ground level.
• Residential Premises Fire Protection System

• Fire Hose System Dry Riser/ Wet Riser

• Automatic Sprinkler Systems
• Potable fire extinguishers,
• Fire alarm Systems
 Industrial Fire fighting Systems
• The industrial area constitute variety of combinations of men and material and processes.
Therefore, it is necessary to take additional measures for the industries. The capacity for
water storage tank for fire fighting of an industrial building is worked out at a rate
of 2.5 lit/sqm. Of lattable floor area subjected to minimum of 2,25000 litres. A set of
two pumps must be installed to discharged 2275 litres per min at a pressure of 3.5 kg/cm2
at a desired floor.
• It must be noted that the requirementof water supply, pumping capacity and other
measures and other features of hydrant systems depends on the size of the risk and its fire
growth.
• Light Hazard Occupancies: Buildings with lower hazard such as school, hospitals, hotels.
• Ordinary Hazard Occupancies: Consisting of the majority of the commercial and
industrial buildings
• High Hazard Occupancies: These occupancies are divided into:-
• Process risks such as paint, foam, plastic and foam rubber
• High piled storage rises in petroleum products.
Industrial Fire Fighting System

• High velocity Water Spray

• Medium Velocity fire spray
• Foam
• Dry chemical Powder
• Carbon dioxide
• Alarm Gong
• Portable fire extinguisher
• Fire alarm System
 Methods of Fire Extinguishing
• High Voltage Water Spray Systems
• High Voltage foam spray extinguishes fire involving oils, or similar
flammable liquids. The equipment consists of pipes and nozzles is
permanently fixe around the plant to be protected and is usually automatic
controlled for immediate operation in the event of fire.
• Medium Velocity fire Spray systems
• The medium velocity water spray systems protect plant, structures and
machinery against fires which involves higher inflammable liquids,
gases & solids. When a fire occurs, medium velocity water spray
equipment applies water in finely divided droplets travelling at medium
speed and give protection to tanks structures and factory equipment'sby
cooling, by control burning of inflammable liquids and by dilution of
explosive gases.
 Methods of Fire Extinguishing
Foam System
• Foam system has earned recognition as a effective method. Foam
systems are specially suited for fires in oil storages, flammable
liquids such as benzoyl, petrol, alcohol, and lighter petroleum
products. In this system fluroprotein foam compounds is applied
forcefully to burnin hydrocarbon liquid which prohibits fire spread.
This system is generally operated manually.
Methods of Fire Extinguishing
• Dry Chemical Powder:
• Dry Chemical Powder used to combat fires in flammable
liquids, gases and greases include such fires when involved
with energized electrical equipment is a potassium
bicarbonate based dry chemical. The chemical powder is
free flowing, water repellent and non abrasive and when used
as a fire extinguisher agent will produce no toxic effects.
Because of its excellent fire fighting effectiveness this product
is widely used in other high risk areas.

• Carbon dioxide or Nitrogen is used as a expelling gas. This

system can be effectively installed in restaurants, fuel
stations etc.
Dry Chemical Powder
• Carbon dioxide
• Carbon dioxide has been used for many years to extinguish the
flammable liquid fires and fire involving electrically energized
equipment's. Carbon dioxide about one and half times as heavy air, a
property that accounts for its ability to replace air above burning surface
and maintain a smothering atmosphere, It is non combustible and does
not react with most substances.
• (a) Smothering effect: Carbon dioxide is stored under pressure as liquid,
when released, it is discharged into the fire area principally as a gas.
When released on burning material, it covers then and removes the
oxygen to a concentration which cannot support combustion
• Cooling effect:
• The rapid expansion of liquid to gas when carbon dioxide is
released from storage cylinder produces a refrigerating effect
that converts part of the carbon dioxide into snow. This snow,
which has a temperature of 80 0C soon sublimes into gas,
absorbing heat from the burning material and surrounding
atmosphere.
 Portable Fire Extinguisher

• Portable extinguishers are manufactured in a variety of shapes & sizes. In order to

avoid confusion, extinguisher of the same type, should be similar in shape,
appearance and as far as possible, in method of operation. It is also advisable to
standardize the sizes, if possible although in some instances less heavy models may be
desired, where for example, women are likely to use extinguisher.
• The extinguisher should be located in conspicuous positions on bracket or shelves
where they can be readily noticed by persons following the normal escape route like
exits and stair landing on each floor.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Extinguisher Rating System
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

TYPES OF EXTINGUISHERS:

Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

TYPES OF EXTINGUISHERS:

Stored
pressure dry
powder
(ABC)
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

TYPES OF EXTINGUISHERS:

Clean agent type

extinguishers
(Halon)
 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

SIZES:

Minimum size is 2A:10BC. The number indicates the number of square feet & the
letter indicates the type of fire.
 Fire Hose System
• This system involves the installation of vertical riser pipe with hose
connections at strategic points throughout the building. The standpipe or riser
ca-n be kept filled with water is know as wet riser system otherwise it is known as dry riser system
• The main features of these systems includes:
• Hose & Automatic Sprinkler System
• The courtyard of the building should have at least two fire hydrant.
• The pumps will have a RPM not exceeding 2000
• These hydrants are connected to an overhead/ storage tank for fire fighting
purpose with a booster pump, and a non-return valve near the tank and a fire pump, gate & non-return
valve over the underground storage tanks.
• The facility to boost water pressure in the riser directly from the mobile pump
should also be provided to the wet riser system.
 Dry Riser System
• A dry Riser system or dry pipe system is made of complete water-distribution system with
sprinkler head or risers and branches with hydrants throughout the buildings in which there is no
running water.
• In the sprinkler system the dry pipe system is used partly to protect the interior of the buildings
against hazards of burst and leaky pipe to avoid freezing of water in the pipes.
• Water is turned into water distribution system either automatically or manually on the outbreak of fire or
the sounding of alarm gong to smother or extinguish fire.
• When the fuse melts in due to the heat generated by fire, water gushes in and air exhausted
through the sprinkler head quickly.
• In the preaction system water is admitted to the system by a valve actuated by a thermostatic controlled
device that function in advance of the sprinkler system.
• The distribution system is laid with a slope of about 1:200, so that the complete water is drained out
of the system.
• Provision of necessary pressure gauges is made on main water supply, distribution, air tank,
pumps, etc.
Dry Riser System
 Fire Hose

• Standard fire hose is made up of rubber lined cotton fibre 65 mm

in dia, capable of standing routine test pressure of 14 kg/sqcm.
Sometimes unlined or rubber lined or rubber cotton hose may be used
for this purpose.
• The fire hose is housed in a special made glass cabinet
 Fire Escapes
• A fire escape is a special kind of emergency exit, usually mounted to the outside of a
building or occasionally inside but separate from the main areas of the building.
• It provides a method of escape in the event of a fire or other emergency that makes the
stairwells inside a building inaccessible. Fire escapes are most often found on multiple-
story residential buildings, such as apartment buildings. At one time, they were a very
important aspect of fire safety for all new construction in urban areas; more recently,
however, they have fallen out of common use.
• This is due to the improved building codes incorporating fire detectors, technologically
advanced fire fighting equipment, which includes better communications and the reach
of fire fighting ladder trucks, and more importantly fire sprinklers. The international
building codes and other authoritative agencies have incorporated fire sprinklers into multi-
story building below 15 stories and not just skyscrapers.
 Escape chute
• An escape chute is a special kind of emergency exit, used
where conventional fire escape stairways are impractical.
The chute is a fabric (or occasionally metal) tube installed
near a special exit on an upper floor or roof of a building, or
a tall structure. During use, the chute is deployed, and may
be secured at the bottom by a fire fighting crew some
distance out from the building. Once the tube is ready,
escapees enter the tube and slide down to a lower level or
the ground level.
Escape Chute
Significant features
•Assist and support fire volunteers, practitioners
and fire volunteer organizations, provided that
during firefighting operations, fire volunteer
organizations shall be under the direct operational
control of the fire ground commanders of the BFP.
FIRE SAFETY
PRACTITIONER
Significant Features
police, other law enforcement agencies, and local government units to render
necessary assistance in the enforcement of this Code.
Significant features
• Mandatory inspection of every building or structure at least once a year.
Significant features
• Require the building owner/occupant to submit plans and specifications, and
other pertinent documents of said building to ensure compliance with
applicable codes and standards
SIGNIFICANT FEATURES
• Issue a written notice to the owner and/or contractor to stop work on portion
of any work due to absence, or in violation of approved plans and
specifications, permit and/or clearance or certification as approved by the
Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative.
• 10 to 15 days period for compliance for violations of the Code
• The BFP may put up a sign in front of the building or structure declared as fire
hazard. The notice shall bear the words “WARNING: THIS
BUILDING/STRUCTURE IS A FIRE HAZARD”.
• Authority of the BFP to close any building, structure or facility notwithstanding
any permit, clearance or certificate earlier issued by local authorities.
• Six (6) months to six (6) years imprisonment or a fine of not more than P
100,000.00 for both the private individual and public officer/employee for
violations of the Code
• Administrative fine of maximum amount of P 50,000.00.
• Collection by the BFP of all fees, fines and taxes imposed by the Code.
• The assessment of fire code taxes, fees and fines is vested upon the BFP.
• use the income generated under the Fire Code for procurement of fire
protection and fire fighting investigation, rescue, paramedics, supplies and
materials and related technical services necessary for the fire service and the
improvement of facilities of the BFP.