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Estimation and Coasting Notes

An estimate provides the anticipated cost of construction work before work begins. It allows project managers to determine if work can be completed within budget, invite accurate tenders, and check contractor work. There are two main types of estimates - preliminary estimates provide rough costs for project approval while detailed estimates include itemized quantities and costs for technical approval. Detailed estimates may also be revised if original costs are exceeded or to account for project changes.

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DILEEP KUMAR SAMADHIYA
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713 views

Estimation and Coasting Notes

An estimate provides the anticipated cost of construction work before work begins. It allows project managers to determine if work can be completed within budget, invite accurate tenders, and check contractor work. There are two main types of estimates - preliminary estimates provide rough costs for project approval while detailed estimates include itemized quantities and costs for technical approval. Detailed estimates may also be revised if original costs are exceeded or to account for project changes.

Uploaded by

DILEEP KUMAR SAMADHIYA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ESTMATES

• Definition : An estimate is the anticipated or


probable cost of work and is usually prepared
before the construction is taken up.
• Purpose of estimating : The main object of the
estimating is to know before hand the cost of
work.
• Importance of estimating :
1. To know whether they can be completed
according to specifications with in certain
financial limits. Otherwise it required
modification or dropping of certain proposals.
Continued....
2. It is required in inviting tenders for the works
and to arrange contract for complete project.
3. It is also useful to check the works done by
contractors during and after the execution.
4. It gives an idea for the requirements of
materials like bricks, stone, cement, etc.
ESTMATES -continue
• Principles of estimating :
1. Make each item of a dimension as clear and
intelligible as possible so that every one be
able to understand it without any difficulty.
2. Arrange the items in the same order as work
executes in field.
3. Accuracy in measurements is depends upon
the rate of an item so that the actual cost
does not vary by more than 10%.
• Mode of measurement
Unit of taking measurements of an item
e.g.- no, r.m., sq.m., cubic m.
It is based on unit of rate of an item

• Methods of taking out quantities :


I. Long wall & Short wall OR Individual wall
method
II. Centre line method
Types of Estimates
(A)Preliminary OR Approximate OR Rough cost
Estimate :
This is an estimate to find out the approximate
cost or to take an idea of the cost, of the proposal
in short time . Such an estimate is prepared for
preliminary studies of various aspects of work or
project of the department concerned, to decide the
financial aspect during consideration of the
requirements of the concerned department.
On the basis of this estimate, the competent
authority accords “Administrative Approval” after
due scrutiny.
Continued....
The approximate estimate of building is prepared
by following method :
1. Service unit method : The service unit indicates
the most important unit in a structure.
In a school building service unit is class room
In a hospital service unit is bed
In a water tank service unit is litre
In a theatre service unit is seat
In a hotel service unit is room
Then, approximate cost = No. of service unit x cost
of service unit in a similar existing structure
Continued....
2. Plinth area method : It consists of working out the
plinth area of a building which is multiplied by plinth
area rate to get an estimate.
Approximate cost = Plinth area of building x Plinth
area rate from similar existing structure
2. Cubic Content Method : It is workout on the basis
of the cubical contents of the proposed building to be
constructed and then multiplying to it the rate per
cubic metre.
Approximate cost = Plinth area of building x height
(height is taken from the top of the floor level to the
top of the flat roof OR halfway of the sloped roof) x
cubic content rate from similar existing structure
Continued....

(B) Detailed Estimate or Item Rate Estimate :


On apprroval of the rough estimate or after
getting the “Admintrative Approval” this estimate is
prepared for getting “Technical Sanction” by the
competent authority of technical department.
Detailed estimate consists of working out
the quantities of each item of works, and work out
the cost.
Estimated Cost = Quantity of item x rate of item

The Detailed estimate is prepared in two stages :


Continued....

(i) Details of measurement and calculation of


quantities –
The details of measurements of each item are
computed in a tabular form in “Measurement Sheet”.

(ii) Abstract of estimated cost –


The total cost is worked out in a tabular form in
“Abstract Sheet”.
“Measurement Sheet”.
Item Particulars/ No Length Breadth Height or Quantity Remarks
No. Description Depth
of item

“Abstract Sheet”.
Item Particulars/ Quantity Uniit Rate Per Amount Remarks
No. Description
of item
Types of Detailed Estimate :

(a) Revised Estimate : It is required to be prepared


under any one of the following circumstances :
i. When the original sanctioned estimate is exceeded
by more than 5%.
ii. When the expenditure on work exceeds the amount
of administrative approval by more than 10%.
iii. When there are material deviation from the original
proposal, even though the cost may be met from the
sanctioned amount
The revised estimate should be accompanied by a
comparative statement with reason for variation.
Continued....

(b) Annual Repair OR Annual Maintenance Estimate :


The estimated amount should not be more than
1.5% of the capital cost of the work.
(c) Supplementary Estimate – When some additions
are done in the original work, a fresh detailed
estimate is prepared to supplement the original
work or when further development is required
during the work. The Abstract should show the
amount of the original estimate and the total
amount including the Supplementary amount for
which sanction is required.
(d) Revised & Supplementary Estimate :

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