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Business Environment: Mba I-B

This document provides an overview of the history and reforms of the banking sector in India. It discusses: 1) The structure of the Indian banking system including its early origins in the 18th century, establishment of presidency banks, nationalization of the State Bank of India and 14 other banks in 1969, and establishment of regional rural banks. 2) Key phases in the evolution of banking including pre-nationalization, post-nationalization, and the modern liberalization phase beginning in 1990 with recommendations to make banks more competitive and open to foreign investment. 3) Major reforms introduced based on committees like Narasimhan (1991, 1998) and Verma (1996) focusing on treating public and private banks equally

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63 views

Business Environment: Mba I-B

This document provides an overview of the history and reforms of the banking sector in India. It discusses: 1) The structure of the Indian banking system including its early origins in the 18th century, establishment of presidency banks, nationalization of the State Bank of India and 14 other banks in 1969, and establishment of regional rural banks. 2) Key phases in the evolution of banking including pre-nationalization, post-nationalization, and the modern liberalization phase beginning in 1990 with recommendations to make banks more competitive and open to foreign investment. 3) Major reforms introduced based on committees like Narasimhan (1991, 1998) and Verma (1996) focusing on treating public and private banks equally

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Business Environment

Lecture 10
MBA I-B
Topics covered in Lecture 10
UNIT 2
• Banks Reforms in India
Bank Reforms in India
Before Studying reforms for banking sector, let us go through basics in
short i.e.
• Indian Financial System
• What is a Bank?
• Difference between Banking and non Banking financial institution?
• What is structure of India Banking system?
• History and Reforms of Banking sector in India.
Indian Financial system
The term “system” in “Financial System” indicates a group of complex
and closely linked institutions, agents, procedures, markets,
transactions, claims and liabilities within an economy.
There are four components of Financial System which is discussed
below:
1. Financial Institutions
2. Financial Markets
3. Financial Instruments
4. Financial Services
• What is a bank?
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and
creates credit
• Difference between Banking and (NBFC)Non Banking financial company?
History and Evolution of Indian Banking System
Banking system in India-Early Phase (1786-1935)
• The origin of the Banking system in India can be traced with the foundation of Bank of Calcutta in
1786. The Banking in India originates in the last decade in the 18th century with the foundation of the
English Agency houses in Bombay and Calcutta (now Kolkata).
• Three presidency banks Bank of Bengal, Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras established in the
19th Century under the charter of the British East India Company.
• In 1935, the presidency banks merge together and formed a new bank named Imperial Bank of India.
• The Imperial Bank of India subsequently named the State Bank of India.
• The first Indian-owned Allahabad Bank was set up in 1865 in Allahabad.
• In 1895, the Punjab National Bank was established in 1895.
• The Bank of India founded in 1906 in Mumbai.
• Many more commercial banks such as Canara Bank, Indian Bank, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda
and Bank of Mysore were established between 1906 and 1913 under Indian ownership.
• The central Bank of India, RBI establish in 1935 on the recommendation of Hilton-Young Commission.
At that time, the Banking system was only covered the urban population and need of rural and
agriculture sector was totally neglected.
Pre Nationalization (1935-1969)
• At the time independence, the entire Banking sector was under
private ownership. The rural population of the country had to
dependent on small money lenders for their requirements. To solve
these issues and better development of the economy the
Government of India nationalised the Reserve Bank of India in 1949.
• In 1955 the Imperial Bank of India was nationalised and named
the State Bank of India.
Post Nationalisation Period (1969 to 1990)

In 1969, Government of India nationalised 14 major banks whose national


deposits were more than 50 crores.
• Allahabad Bank, Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda, Bank of
Maharashtra, Central Bank of India, Canara Bank, Dena Bank, Indian Overseas
Bank, Indian Bank, United Bank, Syndicate Bank, Union Bank of India, UCO Bank

The Indian Banking system immensely developed after nationalisation but the
rural and weaker section of the society was still not covered under the system.
• To solve these issues, the Narasimham Committee in 1974 recommended the
establishment of Regional Rural Banks (RRB). On 2nd October 1975, RRBs were
established with an objective to extend the amount of credit to the rural section
of the society.
• Six more banks further nationalised in the year 1980. With the second wave of
nationalisation, the target of priority sector lending was also raised to 40%
What does “Nationalisation” Mean?
• Nationalisation is the process of transforming private assets into public assets by
bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state

Reason for Nationalization of Commercial Banks


• Control of huge resources.
• Attention to priority sector.
• Development of backward areas.
• Efficiency argument.
• Profitability.
• Uniform banking policy.
• Mobilization of savings and prevention of money lenders.
• Encouraging banking habits and creating banking habitat
Modern Phase(1990-present)
Liberalisation Phase
• In order to improve financial stability and profitability of Public Sector Banks, the Government of India set up a committee
under the chairmanship of Shri. M. Narasimham. The committee recommended several measures to reform banking
system in the country.
• The major thrust of the recommendations was to make banks competitive and strong and conducive to the stability of the
financial system.
• The committee suggested for no more nationalisation of banks.
• Foreign banks would be allowed to open offices in India either as branches or as subsidiaries.
• In order to make banks more competitive, the committee suggested that public sector banks and private sector
banks should be treated equally by the Government and RBI.
• It was emphasised that banks should be encouraged to abandon the conservative and traditional system of banking and
adopt progressive function such as merchant banking and underwriting, retail banking, etc.
• Now, foreign banks and Indian banks permitted to set up joint ventures in these and other newer forms of financial
services.
• 10 Privates players got a license from the RBI to entry in the Banking sector. These were Global Trust
Bank, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Axis Bank, Bank of Punjab, IndusInd Bank, Centurion Bank, IDBI Bank, Times Bank and
Development Credit Bank.
• The Government of India accepted all the major recommendation of the committee.
Reforms: Modern Phase(1990-present)
Reforms in the modern phase were introduced on the basis of the
recommendations of different committees:
(i) The first Narasimhan Committee (1991)
(ii) The Verma Committee (1996),
(iii) The Khan Committee (1997), and
(iv) The Second Narasimhan Committee (1998).
Assignment Questions
1. What is structure of India Banking system?
2. List major Banking Reforms in Indian Banking Sector
3. What do you mean by “Nationalisation Of Banks”? Why it was done?
4. What major Reforms were brought in the India Banking System during the
“Liberalisation Phase” in India? (First Narasimhan Committee-1991)
5. Explain the following terms:
Nationalisation, FDI, NPA, RRB,
Thank You

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