Engineering Drawing (MEng 1001)

Chapter Three

Multi-view Drawings

Tadele Libay
 Introduction
• Multi-view drawing is the graphic representation of
an object on a sheet of paper in a way that will
describe exact shape and proportions. This is done
by drawing different views of the object as it is seen
from different positions. These views are then
arranged in a standard order so that anyone familiar
with drafting practices can understand them
immediately.
 System of Projection
• To represent the six principal views (front, rare,
top, bottom, right side and left side) of an object,
multi-view drawing uses orthographic projection.
• The representation can be done using first angle
and third angle projection technique. Hence,
both first angle and third angle system projection
are used in multi-view drawing.
System of Projection
System of Projection
System of Projection
 System of Projection
• Taking front view as reference, in first angle projection,
when right side view of an object is taken; it is drawn to the
left of front view and the top view is drawn below front
view. The layout is as follow:

Right Side View Front View

Top View
 System of Projection
• Taking front view as reference, in first angle projection,
when left side view of an object is taken; it is drawn to the
right of front view and the top view is drawn below front
view. The layout is as follow:

Front View Left Side View

Top View
 System of Projection
• Taking front view as reference, in third angle projection,
when right side view of an object is taken; it is drawn to the
right of front view and the top view is drawn above front
view. The layout is as follow:

Top View

Front View Right Side View

 System of Projection
• Taking front view as reference, in third angle projection,
when left side view of an object is taken; it is drawn to the
left of front view and the top view is drawn above front
view. The layout is as follow:

Top View

Left Side View Front View

 Choice of Views
• Most commonly used views are: Front view, Top
view and Right side view. The front view is selected
first then additional views are selected relative to
front view.
The following guidelines should be considered
when selecting the front view:
• Look for the best shape or most contours.
• Display the most informatics view.
• Show the most natural position of use.
• Provide the longest dimension.
• Contain the least hidden features.
 Choice of Views

DEPTH

HEIGHT
TOP VIEW
WIDTH
HEIGHT DEPTH

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE

VIEW
 One, Two and Three View Drawings
• It is a waste of time to make views greater than
the required views enough to describe an object.
In fact, some objects require only one view.
• Multi-view drawings can have from one to three
or more views of an object (rarely can have more
than three views).
• One-view drawing: include simple objects such as
a sphere, cylinder, or cube. Other applications
include a thin gasket, printed circuit board, etc.
Here a qualified note should be added
 One, Two and Three Views Drawings
• Two-view drawing: include cylindrical, conical,
and pyramidal shapes.
• Three-view drawing: used when an object is
more complex and requires three views to
communicate all aspects of the drawing
(width, depth, and height).
One, Two and Three Views Drawings

One-view drawings
One, Two and Three Views Drawings

Two-view drawings
One, Two and Three Views Drawings

DEPTH

HEIGHT
TOP VIEW
WIDTH
DEPTH
HEIGHT

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE

VIEW

Three-view drawings
 Laying out of Drawings
• Laying out of drawing means putting the different
views of an object into a sheet of paper. While laying
out of drawing, front and top view are always inline
vertically; front and side view are always inline
horizontally.
• In order to have an eye attracting drawing, the
drawing approximately should be put at the center of
the net working area.
Steps to centering the drawing:
I-Draw border line and title block.
II-Draw diagonal lines from the corners of the net
working area.
 Laying out of Drawings
Steps for centering the drawing:
III)-Calculate the total horizontal and vertical
distance covered by the drawing by considering
the space between each view.
IV)-Draw line from the center line (intersection point
of the diagonal lines) to half of horizontal and
vertical distance.
V)-Draw the area required for each view.
VI)-Draw each views.
• Note that: except border, title block and the
views, all other are done using construction lines.
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 1:
.75

8.50

7.00

.25 .25

.50
.25
10.50
11.00
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 2:
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 3:
TOP VIEW
– Width 5.13
– Space 1.50 2.00

– Depth 2.00

– Horizontal 8.63 2.88

5.13

1.63 1.25

Ø2.22
45°

– Height 3.00
– Space 1.50 2.00
3.00

1.75

– Depth 2.00
1.50

– Vertical 6.50 FRONT VIEW

R. SIDE
VIEW
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 4:

3.25"

4.315"
4.315"

3.25"
 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 5:

2.00 TOP VIEW

1.50

R. SIDE
3.00 FRONT VIEW VIEW

5.13 1.50 2.00

 Laying out of Drawings
• Step 6:

TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE VIEW

SPECIAL CAM R. MIGLIORATO 5/9/03 SCALE 1:1 16-52 12 NBHS

 Width, Height and Depth Relationships
• All three-dimensional objects have width,
height, and depth.
– Height: Distance from top to bottom
– Width: Distance from side to side
– Depth: Distance from the front to back
• The width of front, rear, top, and bottom
views is equal.
• The height of front, rear, right side and left
side views is equal.
• The depth of top, bottom, right side and left
side views is equal.
Width, Height and Depth Relationships

DEPTH

HEIGHT
TOP VIEW
WIDTH
HEIGHT DEPTH

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE

VIEW
Projection of Planer and Non-planer Surfaces
• Planer surfaces are surfaces that can overlap
with a plane. Include flat surfaces.
• Non-planer surfaces are surfaces that do not
overlap with a plane. Include rounds, fillets,
curved surfaces, etc.
Projection of Planer and Non-planer Surfaces

• From above object, surface C and surface B are planer

surfaces; and surface A is non-planer surface.
 Projection of Planer Surfaces

Oblique Normal

Inclined
 Projection of Normal Planer Surfaces
• Normal planer surfaces are parallel to one of
the projection plane and they appear as a true
shape and size on this plane and as a line
(edge view) on the other adjust plane.
 Projection of Normal Planer Surfaces

True size
CT
BT
CT
AT
Equal
length
BT AT
C
C
B
B
A
A CR
BF
AF,CF BF AF,CF AR,BR CR
AR,BR

Edge
Edge
Projection of Normal Planer Surfaces
 Projection of Inclined Planer Surfaces
• Inclined planer surfaces are perpendicular to
one of the projection plane and they appear
as a line (edge view) on this plane and as a
foreshortened surfaces on the other adjust
planes.
• To represent inclined planer surfaces’ true
shape and sized auxiliary view is needed.
 Projection of Inclined Planer Surfaces

Foreshortened

CT
BT
CT
AT CC
Equal
length
CR BT AT
CF
C
BB
CF CR
BF A
A
AF
AR,BR
BF AF AR,BR
Foreshortened Edge
Projection of Inclined Planer Surfaces
 Projection of Oblique Planer Surfaces
• Inclined planer surfaces are oblique to all of
the projection planes and they appear as a
foreshortened surfaces on all the planes.
• To represent oblique planer surfaces’ true
shape and sized auxiliary view is needed.
 Projection of Oblique Planer Surfaces

Foreshortened

CT
BT
CT
AT C
Equal
BB length
CR
BF CF BT AT
C
B CF
BR BR CR
BF
A
AF
AR
AF AR
Foreshortened Foreshortened
Projection of Oblique Planer Surfaces
 Projection of Fillets, Rounds and Run-outs
• A rounded interior corner is called a fillet, and a
rounded exterior corner is called a round.
• In cast or forged objects, two intersecting rough
surfaces produce a rounded corner. If one or
both of these surfaces is machined, the corner
becomes sharp. On a drawing, a rounded
corner means that both intersecting corners are
rough, and a sharp corner means that one or
both surfaces has been machined.
Projection of Fillets, Rounds and Run-outs
• A run-out is produced when a filleted or
rounded corner between two plane surfaces
intersects a surface.
Projection of Fillets, Rounds and Run-outs

Runout
Projection of Fillets, Rounds and Run-outs

Runout
Projection of Fillets, Rounds and Run-outs
The run-out is drawn by taking R; where
R is radius of fillet or round.

R
R
R/3

about 1/8 of circle

 Intersections and Tangencies
• When a curved surface is tangent to a plane surface,
no line should be shown where they intersect.

LINE NO LINE

VERTICAL
SURFACE

NO
LINE
 Intersections and Tangencies
• When a curved surface is not tangent to a plane
surface, an ege is formed at the intersection point.

LINE

LINE
 Precedence of Lines
• In some views there is likely to be a coincidence
(overlap) of lines. Thus, it is necessary to follow a
consistent rule as to which takes precedence over
the other.
• The order of precedence of lines is given below:
1. Object line
2. Hidden line
3. Center line or cutting plane line
4. Break line
5. Dimension line and extension line
6. Section line
 Precedence of Lines
Order of Visible Hidden Center
importance line line line
 Hidden Line Practices
• Hidden line should join a visible line, except it
extended from the visible line.
Leave
space

Correct
Join

No !
 Hidden Line Practices
• Hidden line should join a visible line, except it
extended from the visible line.

Leave Leave
space space

Correct No !
 Hidden Line Practices
• Hidden line should intersect to form L and T corners.

L T Correct

No !
 Hidden Line Practices
• Hidden line should start from a center line.
 Center Line Practices
• In circular view, short dash should cross at the
intersections of center line.
• For small hole center lines should be presented
as a thin continuous line.
• Center lines should not extend between views.

Leave space
Leave space
 Center Line Practices
• Leave a gap when center line forms a
continuation with a visible or hidden line .
• Center line should start and end with long dash.

Leave Leave Leave

space space space

Leave
space