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Seminaron Shape Memory Alloys

Smart materials are materials that can change one or more of their properties in a controlled manner in response to external stimuli like stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields. Shape memory alloys are a type of smart material that remember their original shape and return to their pre-deformed shape when heated. They exist in two phases, austenite and martensite, and can transition between these phases through temperature changes or applied stress, allowing the material to deform when cold but return to its original shape when heated. Common examples of shape memory alloys include nickel-titanium alloys, copper-aluminum-zinc, and copper-aluminum-nickel alloys.

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akshay manikandan
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55 views

Seminaron Shape Memory Alloys

Smart materials are materials that can change one or more of their properties in a controlled manner in response to external stimuli like stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields. Shape memory alloys are a type of smart material that remember their original shape and return to their pre-deformed shape when heated. They exist in two phases, austenite and martensite, and can transition between these phases through temperature changes or applied stress, allowing the material to deform when cold but return to its original shape when heated. Common examples of shape memory alloys include nickel-titanium alloys, copper-aluminum-zinc, and copper-aluminum-nickel alloys.

Uploaded by

akshay manikandan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SMART MATERIALS

Smart materials are designed materials that have


one or more properties that can be changed
significantly in a controlled fashion by external
stimuli such as stress, temperature, moisture, ph,
electric or magnetic fields.

WHAT ARE SMART MATERIALS ?


Traditional structures
Designed for certain performance requirements eg.load,
speed, life span Unable to modify its specifications if there
is a change of environment
Smart Structures
Can accommodate unpredictable environments. Can meet
exacting performance requirement. Offer more efficient
solutions for a wide range of applications

Traditional vs. Smart Materials


PIEZOELECTRICITY THERMOCHROMISM

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS PHOTOMECHANICAL EFFECT

MAGNETOSTRICTION POLYCRYPTOLACTONE

PH SENSITIVE POLYMERS SELF HEALING MATERIALS

HALOCHROMIC MATERIALS DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS

PHOTOCHROMISM THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS

Some Smart Materials


Shape memory alloys remember its original shape
and that when deformed returns to its
predeformed shape when heated.

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS


• The alloy appears to have a memory.
• Shape Memory Alloys exhibits super-elastic
behaviour also known as pseudo elastic
behaviour.
• SMAs deformed above a critical temperature
show a large reversible elastic deformation
(recoverable strains up to 10%. much exceeding
the elasticity) as a result of stress-induced
martensitic transformation
• Shape Memory Alloys have two stable phases :
The high temperature phase called AUSTENITE
and
The low temperature phase called MARTENSITE

• The Martensite can be in one of the two forms


Twinned Martensite
Detwinned Martensite

• Martensite is a diffusion less solid-state phase


transformation; no change in composition.
• Martensite has a
twinned
microstructure.

• Twinning enables
elastic deformation,
and hence super
elasticity.
• Upon cooling in the absence of applied load, the
material transforms from Austenite into twinned
Martensite. (no observable macroscopic shape
change occurs)
• Upon heating the material in the martensitic phase,
a reverse transformation takes place and as a result
the material transforms to Austenite.
• If mechanical load is applied to the material in the
state of twinned Martensite (at low temperature), it
is possible to detwin the martensite.
• Upon releasing of the load, the material remains
deformed. A subsequent heating of the material
to a temperature above the Austenite finish
temperature will result in reverse transformation
(martensite to austenite) and will lead to
complete shape recovery.
• Shape Memory Alloy remembers the shape when
it have austenitic structure.
• Reheating the material will result in complete
shape recovery.
• When the load is
increased to a point,
the alloy transitions
from the austenite
phase to the detwinned
martensite phase.
• When the load is
removed, the alloy
returns to its original
Austenite shape.
• Rubber like effect.
Nickel Titanium Alloy (Ni-Ti) commonly called as
Nitinol.

Cu-Al-Zn

Cu-Al-Ni

Fe-Mn-Si

EXAMPLES OF SMA
• High Strength

• Good Elasticity

• Fatigue Resistance

• Easy Fabrication

• Wear Resistance

• Light Weight

ADVANTAGES
• Initial Expensive

• Sensitivity of material properties in fabrication

• Poor fatigue property

• Residual Stresses developed in thin films

• Overstress

DISADVANTAGES
• Automobile applications

• Aerospace applications

• Biomedical

• Civil Engineering of Mega structures

APPLICATIONS OF SMA
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

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