SETTING REALISTIC GOALS

Changing Goals Is Not Easy, But Sometimeswe Make It Harder

By Setting Unrealistic And Unatainable Goals. To Start Making
Positive Chnages,
Ask Yourself These Questions:
• What Do I Want?
• Which Change Is The Prioroty At This Time?
• Why Is This Important To Me?
• What Are The Potential Positive Outcomes?
• What Are Health-promoting Programs And Services That
Can Help Me Get Started?
• Are They Family Or Friends Whose Help I Can Enlist?
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL AS
PREDICTOR OF PREVENTIVE
HEALTH BEHAVIOR
• The HBM suggests that whether or not a
person changes their behavior will be
influenced by an evaluation of its
feasibility and its benefits weighed
against its cost. In other words, the
belief influences behavior.
• HBM hypothesizes that health-related
action depends upon simultaneous occurrence
of three classes of factors perceived
susceptibility to and perceived severity of
disease or injury, and perceived benefits or
efficacy of preventive/recommended action vis-
à-vis the perceived costs or barriers. It suggests
that behaviors reflect a person’s subjective view
of a situation, readiness to take action, and
perception that benefits outweigh “cost.” It also
assumes the existence of sufficient motivation
or concern to make health issues.
 What is Health Promotion?
• Health promotion is the process of enabling
people to increase control over, and to improve their
health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being, an individual or group must be
able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy
needs, and to change or cope with the environment.
Health is therefore seen as a resource for everyday
life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive
concept emphasizing social and personal resources,
as well as physical capacities. Therefore, health
promotion is not just the responsibility of the health
sector, but goes beyond healthy lifestyles to well-being
Prerequisites for Health
The fundamental conditions and resources for
health are peace, shelter, education, food,
income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable
resources, social justice and equity. Improvement
in health requires a secure foundation in these
basic prerequisites.
 1. ADVOCATE
Good health is a major resource for social, economic,
and personal development and an important dimension
of quality of life. Political, economic, social, cultural,
environmental, behavioral and biological factors can all
favor health or be harmful to it. Health promotion
actions aim at making these conditions favorable through
advocacy for health.
Advocacy for health is a combination of individual
and social actions designed to gain political commitment,
policy support, social acceptance and systems support for
a particular health goal or program.
 2. ENABLE
Health promotion focuses on achieving equity in
health. Health promotion action aims at reducing
differences in current health status and ensuring equal
opportunities and resources to enable all people to
achieve their fullest health potential. This includes a
secure foundation in a supportive environment, access
to information, life skills and opportunities for making
healthy choices. People cannot achieve their fullest
health potential unless they are able to take control of
those things, which determine their health. This must
apply equally to women and men.
• In health promotion, “enabling” means taking action
in partnership with individuals or groups to empower
them through the mobilization of human and material
resources in promotion and protection of their health.

• The emphasis in this definition, on empowerment

through partnership, and on the mobilization of
resources draws attention to the important role of health
workers and other health activists acting as a catalyst for
health promotion action, for example by providing access
to information in health, by facilitating skills
development, and by supporting access to the political
processes which shape public policies affecting health.
 3. MEDIATE

The prerequisites and prospects for health cannot be

ensured by the health sector alone. More importantly,
health promotion demands coordinated action by all
concerned: by governments, by health and other social and
economic sectors, by non-governmental and voluntary
organizations, by local authorities, by industry and by the
media. People in all walks of life are involved as
individuals, families and communities. Profession al and
social groups and health personnel have a major
responsibility to mediate between differing interests in
society for the pursuit of health.
 Health promotion strategies and
programs should be adapted to the local needs
and possibilities of individual countries and
regions to take into account differing social,
cultural and economic systems.
 “The Move towards a New Public Health”
(Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA on Nov.17-21, 1986)
*It highlighted the conditions and resources required for health
and identified basic strategies and key actions to pursue the
WHO policy of Health for All.

 Building healthy public policy

 Creating supportive environments
 Strengthening community actions
 Developing personal skills
 Reorienting health services
 “Healthy Public Policy”
(Adelaide, SOUTH AUSTRALIA on
April 5-9, 1988)
*It further explored building healthy public
policy.

 Supporting the health of women

 Improving food security, safety, and nutrition
 Reducing tobacco and alcohol use
 Creating supportive environments for health
 “Supportive Environments for Health”
(Sundsvall, SWEDEN in 1991)

*It stressed the importance of sustainable development and equity

in creating supportive health environments.

 The social dimension, which includes the ways in which norms,

customs and social processes affect health;
 The political dimension, which requires governments to
guarantee democratic participation in decision-making and the
decentralization of responsibilities and resources;
 The economic dimension, which requires a re-channeling of
resources for the achievement of health for all and sustainable
development, including the transfer of safe and reliable
technology; and