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Analysis and Design of Foundation Systems

The document discusses different types of foundations, factors to consider when choosing a foundation type, and provides details on deep foundation systems like piles. It describes various pile types, factors influencing pile design, construction procedures, and relevant Indian Standards for pile design and testing. The document serves as a reference for analyzing and designing different foundation systems.

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JAY PATEL
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
222 views

Analysis and Design of Foundation Systems

The document discusses different types of foundations, factors to consider when choosing a foundation type, and provides details on deep foundation systems like piles. It describes various pile types, factors influencing pile design, construction procedures, and relevant Indian Standards for pile design and testing. The document serves as a reference for analyzing and designing different foundation systems.

Uploaded by

JAY PATEL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF


FOUNDATION SYSTEMS
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WHAT IS FOUNDATION ?

 Definition 1:
 Foundation
 The structure, that transmits the load of the building to the soil
 Definition 2:
 Load bearing soil (strata):The soil layer, that has the sufficient load bearing
capacity in relation to the chosen foundation type
 The primary design concerns are settlement (total settlement and
differential settlement) and load bearing capacity.
Choosing a kind of foundation 3
depends on :

the ground conditions


 the groundwater conditions
 the site, the environment (the buildings nearby)
 the structure of our building
 Requirements:
 structural requirements: safe, be able to carry the load of the building
 constructional requirements: schedule, minimal resources and minimal cost
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What is the Foundation?

 The specialties:
 it is expensive and difficult to repair
 usually it is constructed under the ground, so it is out of sight
 an bad/ misapplied foundation could demolish the building
 The mistakes:
 construction technology mistakes
 bad or not proper digestion (always necessary!!!)
 planning mistakes: the type of foundation is inadequate for the ground
layers / for the buildings.
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TYPES OF FONDATIONS :

 SHALLOW FONDATION  DEEP FOUNDATION


 Strip foundation (wall footing)  Pile Foundation
 Grillage foundation  Pier Foundation
 Pad footing  Well foundation
 Raft (Mat ) Foundation
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Semi Deep foundation
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DEEP FOUNDATIONS :

 When is it necessary?
 The load-bearing layer is in deeper location
 The loads of the building are too heavy
 Other special cases
 Types
 Piles
 Slurry wall
 Others
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Piles Construction

 Cast-in-place piles
 Shell-type or shell-less type

 Many different technologies

Constructing the foundation

 0. alignment
 1. creating a test-pile
 2. checking the load-bearing capacity (endurance test)
 3. making the piles
 4. removing the top of the piles
 4. constructing the pile caps
 5. connecting the pile caps with RC beams if necessary
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Structural design of :

 Piles including pile caps,


 under reamed piles,
 battered piles ,
 piers and caissons;
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Indian Standards on Piles

 􀂃 IS 2911 : Part 1 : Sec 1 : 1979 Driven cast in-situ concrete piles


 􀂃 􀂃 IS 2911 : Part 1 : Sec 2 : 1979 Bored cast-in-situ piles
 􀂃 IS 2911 : Part 1 : Sec 3 : 1979 Driven precast concrete piles
 􀂃 IS 2911 : Part 1 : Sec 4 : 1984 Bored precast concrete piles
 􀂃 IS 2911 : Part 2 : 1980 Timber piles
 􀂃 IS 2911 : Part 3 : 1980 Under reamed piles
 􀂃 IS 2911 : Part 4 : 1985 Load test on piles
 􀂃 IS 5121 : 1969 Safety code for piling and other deep foundations
 􀂃 IS 6426 : 1972 Specification for pile driving hammer
 􀂃 IS 6427 : 1972 Glossary of Terms Relating to Pile Driving Equipment
 􀂃 IS 6428 : 1972 Specification for pile frame
 􀂃 IS 9716 : 1981 Guide for lateral dynamic load test on piles
 􀂃 IS 14362 : 1996 Pile boring equipment - General requirements
 􀂃 IS 14593 : 1998 Bored cast-in-situ piles founded on rocks - Guidelines
 14893 2001 N D t ti I t it T ti f Pil NDT)
 2

 􀂃 IS : Non-Destructive Integrity Testing of Piles


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When is it needed ?

 Top layers of soil are highly compressible for it to support


 structural loads through shallow foundations.
 􀂃 Rock level is shallow enough for end bearing pile
 foundations provide a more economical design.
 􀂃 Lateral forces are relatively prominent.
 􀂃 In presence of expansive and collapsible soils at the site.
 􀂃 Offshore structures
 􀂃 Strong uplift forces on shallow foundations due to shallow
 water table can be partly transmitted to Piles.
 􀂃 For structures near flowing water (Bridge abutments, etc.)
 to avoid the problems due to erosion.
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Types of Piles

 􀂃 Steel Piles
 􀂃 Pipe piles
 􀂃 􀂃 Rolled steel H-section piles

 􀂃 Concrete Piles
 􀂃 Pre-cast Piles
 􀂃 􀂃 Cast-in-situ Piles
 􀂃 Bored-in-situ piles
 􀂃 Timber Piles
 􀂃 Composite PilesFoundationnalysi
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Concrete Piles: Facts

Pre-cast Piles:
 􀂃 Usual length: 10 m – 45 m
 􀂃 Usual Load: 7500 kN – 8500 kN
Cast-in-situ Piles:
 􀂃 Usual length: 5 m – 15 m
 􀂃 Usual Load: 200 kN – 500 kN
 Advantage:
 􀂃 Relatively cheap
 􀂃 It can be easily combined with concrete superstructure
 􀂃 Corrosion resistant
 􀂃 􀂃 It can bear hard driving
Disadvantage:
Difficult to transport
Difficult to achieve desired cutoff
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Types of Piles Based on Their Function
and Effect of Installation
Piles based on their function
 􀂃 End Bearing Piles
 􀂃 Friction Piles
 􀂃 Compaction Piles
 􀂃 􀂃 Anchor Piles
 􀂃 Uplift Piles
Effect of Installation
 􀂃 􀂃 Displacement Piles
 􀂃 Non-displacement Piles
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Displacement Piles

In loose cohesionless soils


 􀂃 Densifies the soil upto a distance of 3.5 times the pile diameter
 (3.5D) which increases the soil’s resistance to shearing
 􀂃 The friction angle varies from the pile surface to the limit of
compacted soil
In dense cohesionless soils
 􀂃 The dilatancy effect decreases the friction angle within the zone of
influence of displacement pile (3.5D approx.).
 􀂃 Displacement piles are not effective in dense sands due to above
reason.
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 In cohesive soils
 􀂃 Soil is remolded near the displacement piles (2.0 D approx.) leading
to a decreased value of shearing resistance.
 Pore-pressure is generated during installation causing lower
effective stress and consequently lower shearing resistance.
 Excess pore-pressure dissipates over the time and soil regains its
strength.

 􀂃 Example: Driven concrete piles, Timber or Steel pilesFoundation Analysis and Design: Dr.
Amit asha
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Non-displacement Piles

 􀂃 Due to no displacement during installation, there is no heave in


 the ground.
 􀂃 Cast in-situ piles may be cased or uncased (by removing
 casing as concreting progresses). They may be provided with
 reinforcement if economical with their reduced diameter.
 􀂃 Enlarged bottom ends (three times pile diameter) may be
 provided in cohesive soils leading to much larger point bearing
 capacity.
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Non-displacement Piles

 􀂃 Soil on the sides may soften due to contact with wet concrete
 or during boring itself. This may lead to loss of its shear
 strength.
 􀂃 Concreting under water may be challenging and may resulting
 in waisting or necking of concrete in squeezing ground.
 􀂃 in-pre-piles

 Example: Bored cast situ or cast

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