First Voyage Around the World

(Chronicle)
By Antonio Pigafetta
 Antonio Lombardo Pigafetta (c. 1941 – c. 1531)
• Was a Venetian scholar and explorer.
• Traveled with Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his
crew under the order of King Charles I of Spain.
• Served as Magellan’s assistance.
• Kept an accurate journal, which became the source of information
on Magellan’s voyage.
• One of the 18 men who returned to Spain in 1522, out of approx.
240 men who set out three years earlier.
• His voyage completed the first circumnavigation of the world.
• His journal centres on the events in the Mariana Islands and the
Philippines.
March 18, 1521 March 31, 1521
• Nine men came and showed joy and • Magellan presided on the shore.
eagerness in seeing them. • First Mass held in the Philippines.
• Magellan realized that the men were • Magellan planted a giant cross in our land,
reasonable and welcomed them with became the famed Magellan’s cross which is
food, drinks, and gifts. still preserved at present bay .
• Pigafetta characterized the people as
“very familiar and friendly”, they willingly April 14, 1521
showed them different islands and the • The king of Cebu was baptized as a Christian.
names of these islands. • People wished to become Christians through
their free will and not because they were
March 25, 1521 forced/intimidated.
• They saw 2 ballanghai/balangay (a long
boat full of people in Mazzava/Mazzaua. April 27, 1521 (THE BATTLE OF MACTAN)
• Magellan and the king of balangay • 49 vs 1,500
exchanged gifts and expressed their • Magellan’s death
desire to become brothers.
Customs of the Tagalogs
By Juan de Plasencia, O.S.F
 Kartilla ng Katipunan
(Declaration of Principles)
By Emilio Jacinto
December 15, 1875 – April 16, 18
 Katipunan nang mga
A.N.B
sa may nasang
makisanib sa katipunang ito
Mga Gunita Ng Himagsikan
By Emilio Aguinaldo
Declaration of Philippine Independence
(Proclamation)
From National Historical Institute
With a government in operation, Aguinaldo thought that it was
necessary to declare the independence of the Philippines. He
believed that such a move would inspire the people to fight more
eagerly against the Spaniards and at the same time, lead the foreign
countries to recognize the independence of the country. Mabini, who
had by now been made Aguinaldo's unofficial adviser, objected. He
based his objection on the fact that it was more important to
reorganize the government in such a manner as to convince the
foreign powers of the competence and stability of the new
government than to proclaim Philippine independence at such an
early period. Aguinaldo, however, stood his ground and won.
On June 12, between four and five in the afternoon, Aguinaldo, in the presence of
a huge crowd, proclaimed the independence of the Philippines at Cavite el Viejo
(Kawit). For the first time, the Philippine National Flag, made in Hongkong by
Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo, assisted by Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina Herboza, was
officially hoisted and the Philippine National March played in public. The Act of
the Declaration of Independence was prepared by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista,
who also read it. A passage in the Declaration reminds one of another passage in
the American Declaration of Independence. The Philippine Declaration was
signed by ninety-eight persons, among them an American army officer who
witnessed the proclamation. The proclamation of Philippine independence was,
however, promulgated on August 1 when many towns has already been organized
under the riles laid down by the Dictatorial Government.
Political Caricatures
of the American Era
By Alfred McCoy
 Filipino Grievances Against
Governor Wood
(Petition Letter)
Approved by the Commission on Independence
On November 17, 1926
The document served as an impeachment request for
Governor Wood The document was approved by the
Commission on Independence on November 17, 1926
(Appointed: October 14, 1921 until August 7, 1927) A year
after this document was approved, Governor Leonard
Wood died due to surgery failure.
• Major-General Leonard Wood arrived in the Philippine
islands in 1903 after his services in Cuba. He was appointed
governor of the Mero Province, comprising the southern
islands and Mindanao.
• Major-General Leonard Wood arrived in the Philippine
islands in 1903 after his services in Cuba. He was appointed
governor of the Mero Province, comprising the southern
islands and Mindanao.
• Aside from being the head of the civil government, he is also
responsible for five districts, and the commanding general of
the troops in the department of Mindanao and Sulu as well.
• General Wood was asked what he thinks would happen if
he left His response was “Strife, disorder, bloodshed. They
might not come instantly, but they would come soon.
Moros, whom we have disarmed and who want us to stay
and protect them, and Christian Filipinos would fight.
Industry, trade, and credit would be ruined, with the
inevitable concomitants of idleness, hunger, and anarchy.”
• American Flag "Emblem of Freedom" "Symbol of Altruism"
• Philippines and America, promised that our country would
be conserved and developed for the benefit of people.
Filipinos were patient & diligent to the task of meeting the
conditions given to them because they TRUST in the
Americans.
• Calvin Coolidge The President of the USA Advised Congress of
America to fulfill their promise since the goal has been
reached (loyalty from Philippines). Major-General Leonard
Wood was sent to Philippines as Governor-General.
• EXPECTATION Cognizant of General Wood's participation in
the liberation of Cuba, Filipinos expected that spirit of
cooperation would be maintained. Political emancipation
would be complete.
• REALITY There was a train of usurpation & arbitrary acts
Resulted in curtailment of our autonomy & destruction of
our constitutional system Reversal of America's Philippine
Policy
 Arbitrary Acts
• 1. He has refused his assent to laws which were the most
wholesome & necessary heads of department.
• 2. He has set at naught both the legal authority and
responsibility for the Philippine heads of departments.
• 3. He has substituted his constitutional advisers for a group
of military attaches without legal standing in the government
and not responsible to the people.
• 4. He has reversed the policy of Filipinizing the service of the
government by appointing Americans even when Filipinos of
proven capacity were available.
• 5. He has obstructed the carrying out of national economic
policies duty adopted by the Legislature, merely because
they are in conflict with his personal views.
• 6. He has rendered merely perfunctory the power of the
Legislature to pass the annual appropriation law by
reviving items in the law of the preceding year, after
vetoing the corresponding items of the current
appropriation act, in the flagrant violation for Organic Law.
• 7. He has made appointments to positions and authorized
the payment of salaries therefore after having vetoed the
appropriations of such salaries.
• 8. He has used certain public funds to grant additional
compensation to public officials in clear violation law.
• 9. He has arrogated unto himself the right of exercising the
powers granted by law to the Emergency Board after
abolishing said board on the ground that its powers involved
an unlawful delegation of legislative authority.
• 10. He has unduly interfered in the administration of
justice.
• 11. He has refused to obtain the advice of the Senate in
making appointments where such advice is required by
the Organic Act.
• 12. He has refused to submit the Senate appointment for
vacancies occurring during the recess of the Legislature in
contravention of the Organic Act.
• 13. He has continued in office nominees whose
appointments had been rejected by the Senate.
• 14. He has usurped legislative powers by imposing
conditions on legislative measures approved by him.
• 15. He has, in the administration of affairs in Mindanao,
brought about a condition which has given rise to discord
and dissension between certain groups of Christian and
Mohammedan Filipinos.
• 16. He has by his policies created strained relations
between resident Americans and Filipinos.
• 17. He has endeavored, on the pretext of getting the
government out of business, to dispose of all the
companies capitalized by the government worth many
millions of the people's money to powerful America
interests.
• 18. He has sanctioned the campaign of insidious
propaganda in the United States against Filipino people
and their aspirations.
• 19. He has attempted to close the Philippine National Bank
so necessary to the economic development of the country.
• 20. He has adopted the practice of intervening in, and
controlling directly, to its minute details, the affairs of the
Philippine Government both insular and local, in violation of
self-government.
• 21. He has insistently sought the amendment of our laws
approved by the Congress of the United Stated, which
amendment would open up the resources of our country to
exploitation by predatory interests.
• HE PROTEST "In the face of this critical situation, we, the
constitutional representatives of the Filipino people, met to
deliberate upon the present difficulties existing in the Government of
the Philippine Islands and to determine how best to preserve the
supremacy and majesty of the laws and to safeguard the right and
liberties of our people, having faith in the sense of justice of the
people of the United States and inspired by her patriotic example in
the early days of her history, do hereby, in our behalf and in the name
of the Filipino people, solemnly and publicly make known our most
vigorous protest against the arbitrary acts and usurpations of the
present Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, particularly
against Executive Order No. 37."
As far as majority of the Filipinos, they are not aware
of who Governor Wood is. People keep on
generalizing the idea that the whole American nation
deceived us.
 Speech of Her Excellency President
Corazon C. Aquino during the Joint Session of
the United States Congress on September 18, 1986
WHO IS MARIA CORAZON COJUANGCO- AQUINO ?
• She is the 11th president (and the first female
president) of the Philippines.
• Date of birth 25,1933, in Tarlac.
• Graduated from the College of Mount St.
Vincent in New York City in 1953
• “Mother of Asian Democracy”
• Widow of Senator Benigno Aquino.
Corazon Aquino in Washington DC, US.