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04 - Temperature and Pressure Dependency For Viscosity

The document discusses topics for today's lecture on fluid viscosity. It will cover the difference between dynamic and kinematic viscosity, and the pressure and temperature dependence of viscosity. It provides definitions and units for dynamic and kinematic viscosity. It also includes a figure showing the reduced viscosity as a function of reduced temperature for different reduced pressures. The document gives an example problem calculating the viscosity of nitrogen at a given temperature and pressure using provided critical properties and equations of state. It concludes with an activity where students will present a research paper in groups.

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Imran Unar
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2K views

04 - Temperature and Pressure Dependency For Viscosity

The document discusses topics for today's lecture on fluid viscosity. It will cover the difference between dynamic and kinematic viscosity, and the pressure and temperature dependence of viscosity. It provides definitions and units for dynamic and kinematic viscosity. It also includes a figure showing the reduced viscosity as a function of reduced temperature for different reduced pressures. The document gives an example problem calculating the viscosity of nitrogen at a given temperature and pressure using provided critical properties and equations of state. It concludes with an activity where students will present a research paper in groups.

Uploaded by

Imran Unar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Topics for Today’s Lecture

• Difference between Dynamic Viscosity &


Kinematic Viscosity
• Pressure and Temperature Dependence of
Viscosity
• Problem on above topic

• Assignment

1
Difference between Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosities
Item Dynamic Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity
Definition
Dynamic viscosity is Kinematic viscosity is the
the quantitative ratio of the fluid’s viscous
expression of fluid’s force to the inertial force.
resistance to flow.
Symbol ‘µ’ or ‘η’ ‘υ’
Units
(CGS)
‘poise’ ‘stokes’ (St) or
Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille
centistokes (ctsk or cSt)
George Gabriel Stokes
General
Idea
Dynamic viscosity is Kinematic viscosity is
sometimes referred to sometimes called the
as absolute viscosity, diffusivity of momentum
or just viscosity
2
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity

• Importance of Viscosity in Fluid Mechanics


• How to get Data on Viscosity
• Viscosity Data for pure gases and liquids  Viscous
Science and Engineering Books
• Estimation by empirical methods
• Corresponding-states correlation  used for estimation
of viscosity and show the general trends of viscosity
with Temperature and Pressure for ordinary fluids.
• Figure-1 gives a global view of the pressure and
temperature dependence of viscosity.

3
Figure-1.
Reduced viscosity
μr = μ / μc as a
function of reduced
temperature for several
values of the reduced
Pressure (pr)

A "reduced quantity” is one that


has been made dimensionless by
dividing the corresponding
quantity at the critical point.

4
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity
Experimental values of the critical viscosity μc are seldom
available. However, μc may be estimated in one of the
following ways:
(1) if a value of viscosity is known at a given reduced
pressure and temperature, preferably at conditions near
to those of interest, then μc can be calculated from μc =
μ /μr; or
(2) if critical p-V-T data are available, then μc, may be
estimated from these empirical relations
(1)

Here μc is in micropoises, pc in atm, Tc in K, and in Vc cm3/g-mole

5
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity
Figure-1 can also be used for rough estimation of
viscosities of mixtures. For N-component fluids with mole
fractions xa the "pseudocritical" properties are:

(2)

That is, one uses the chart exactly as for pure fluids, but
with the pseudocritical properties instead of the critical
properties.
This empirical procedure works reasonably well unless
there are chemically dissimilar substances in the mixture or
the critical properties of the components differ greatly.

6
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity
Problem: Estimate the viscosity of N2 at 50°C and 854 atm,
given M = 28.0 g/g-mole, pc = 33.5 atm, and Tc = 126.2 K.

Solution:
Using Eq. (1), we get
c  7.70(28.0)1/ 2 (33.5) 2 / 3 (126.2) 1/ 6
= 189 micropoises =189 ×10-6 poise
Reduced temperature and pressure are
273.2  50 854
Tr   2.56 Pr   25.5
126.2 33.5

7
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Viscosity
From Fig.1, we obtain μr = μ/μc= 2.39.

Hence, the predicted value of the viscosity is

μ= μc (μ/μc)=(189×10-6)(2.39)=452×10-6 poise

The measured value6 is 455×l0-6 poise.

This is unusually good agreement

8
ACTIVITY
 What is RESEARCH PAPER?
 What are basic sections in Research Paper?
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Materials and Methods (Methodology)
 Results & Discussion
 Conclusion
 References
 Importance

9
Assignment
 Marks = 05
 Mode: Group assignment [Thesis groups will be
considered the Final Groups of this class]
 Activity:
 Pick any research paper from www.sciencedirct.com
 Make the presentation on the work conducted in
research paper.
 Present your findings with equal contribution of all the
students
 Date of Presentation: Decide yourself and communicate
to me via CR in 2 days.

10
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