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Energy & Heat

The document discusses thermal energy and heat, including how heat is transferred through conduction, convection and radiation. It explains key concepts like temperature, thermal energy, and specific heat. Examples are provided of how heat is used in engines to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy for applications like power generation and transportation.

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janki gandhi
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83 views25 pages

Energy & Heat

The document discusses thermal energy and heat, including how heat is transferred through conduction, convection and radiation. It explains key concepts like temperature, thermal energy, and specific heat. Examples are provided of how heat is used in engines to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy for applications like power generation and transportation.

Uploaded by

janki gandhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermal Energy & Heat

Heat and Its Uses


Thermal Energy & Heat

16.1 Thermal Energy and Matter


THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER: Journal

1. In which direction does heat flow spontaneously?


2. Define TEMPERATURE
3. How is THERMAL ENERGY transferred?
4. What are the factors that determine the THERMAL
ENERGY of a material?
5. Which type of material heats more, one with a high specific
heat, or one with a low specific heat?
6. Is WORK 100% efficient? How do you know?
THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER

 Work and Heat- work is never 100% efficient. Some


is always lost to heat.
THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER

 Heat- the transfer of thermal energy from one object


to another because of a temperature difference.

In what direction does heat flow spontaneously?


FROM HOT to COLD
THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER

 Temperature = measure of how hot or cold something


is compared to a reference point.

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles


in an object.

In the image below, where is average kinetic energy


greater?
Higher temperature 
THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER
 Heat flows DOWN the bar through
COLLISIONS.
 Collisions transfer thermal energy from hot to
cold.
THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER

 Thermal energy- total potential and kinetic energy in


an object. It depends on mass, temperature, and phase
of an object.
If both objects are in the same phase & at the same temperature,
which one has MORE thermal energy?
 Because there
are MORE
particles moving
around.
THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER

 Thermal expansion/contraction - change in


volume of a material due to temperature
change.
Occurs because particles of matter collide more or less as
temperature changes.

Thermal expansion 
Also, wrap on beaker and lava lamp
THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER

 Specific Heat – amount of heat needed to raise ONE


gram of a material ONE degree Celsius.
THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER

 The LOWER a material’s specific heat the MORE its


temperature rises when energy is added.
Which will heat faster (has the lower specific heat)?
Water? Or Lead?
YES!

Specific heat of water = 4.18 J/g°C Specific heat of lead = 0.46J/g°C


Thermal Energy & Heat

16.2 Heat and Thermodynamics


HEAT TRANSFER
 What type of HEAT TRANSFER is occurring in the
pictures? Conduction, convection or radiation?
CONDUCTION –
The transfer of thermal energy with no transfer of
matter.
HEAT TRANSFER
 What type of HEAT TRANSFER is occurring in the
pictures? Conduction, convection or radiation?
CONVECTION –
The transfer of thermal energy when particles of a liquid
or gas move from one place to another
HEAT TRANSFER

CONVECTION – in the earth and sun


HEAT TRANSFER
 What type of HEAT TRANSFER is occurring in the
pictures? Conduction, convection or radiation?
RADIATION –
The transfer of thermal energy by waves moving
through space. ALL OBJECTS radiate energy!
THERMODYNAMICS
 The study of conversions between thermal energy
and other forms of energy.
THERMODYNAMICS
 First Law: Energy is Conserved
Thermal Energy & Heat

16.3 Using Heat


THERMAL ENERGY & MATTER: Journal

1. Define Convection, Conduction and


Radiation
2. Give an example of each.
3. Write a sentence describing how each is
important to our everyday lives.
4. How do we use heat in our everyday lives?
PART 2 - USING HEAT
HEAT ENGINES
The two main types of heat engines are External combustion and
Internal Combustion

External = power plants

Internal = car engine


PART 2 - USING HEAT
External combustion – produces electricity at
power plants.
Water is heated by a fuel and the pressurized steam spins a
turbine.
http://www.eas.asu.edu/~holbert/eee463/coal.html
PART 2 - USING HEAT
HEAT ENGINES
External combustion – nuclear power plants.
USING HEAT

Internal combustion – car


engines.
The fuel (gas) is compressed
and ignited (lit) to drive a
piston.
USING HEAT
Internal combustion –
car engines.
Four-stroke engine.

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