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Formality Levels in Communication

The document outlines 5 levels of formality in communication according to Martin Joos: frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate. The frozen style is the most formal and is used for rituals and ceremonies, while the intimate style is for private language between family and close friends and excludes public information. The other styles fall on a continuum between these two, with formal used for one-way planned speeches, consultative for semi-formal transactions, and casual among acquaintances using slang and omissions.

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113 views6 pages

Formality Levels in Communication

The document outlines 5 levels of formality in communication according to Martin Joos: frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate. The frozen style is the most formal and is used for rituals and ceremonies, while the intimate style is for private language between family and close friends and excludes public information. The other styles fall on a continuum between these two, with formal used for one-way planned speeches, consultative for semi-formal transactions, and casual among acquaintances using slang and omissions.

Uploaded by

ronald mercado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORMALITY LEVELS IN

COMMUNICATION
FIVE FORMALITY LEVELS/STYLES
(MARTIN JOOS)
 Frozen style

 It is a style used in a very formal setting such


as in rituals, church rites, speeches for state
ceremonies, and some other occasions.

 It makes use of stock expressions that have


not changed through the years.
 Formal style

 This is used in extended one-way


communication where the speaker plans ahead
and frames what he/she is to say before it is
delivered.

 There are two defining features of this style:


 modulated intonation

 cohesion and organization of the message


 Consultative style

 This is used in semi-formal communication


situations where a transaction of some sort
takes place.

 The transaction has two features:


 One speaker supplies background

information and it is not assumed that


he/she will be easily understood.
 The addressee participates continuously.
 Casual style

 This is used among friends and acquaintances


in informal situations.

 It has two defining features:


 ellipsis (omission of some words in

utterances)
 slang (non-standard words or expressions)
 Intimate style

 This is a completely private language that is


used within the family and with very close
friends.

 It excludes public information.

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