GATE Question (ME -2005)

A solid cylinder (surface 2) is located at the centre of a hollow sphere

(surface 1). The diameter of the sphere is 1 m, while the cylinder has a
diameter and length of 0.5 m each. The radiation configuration factor
𝐅𝟏𝟏 is
(A) 0.375
(B) 0.625
(C) 0.75
(D) 1
GATE Question (ME -2005)
The following figure was generated from experimental data relating
spectral black body emissive power to wavelength at three temperatures
𝐓𝟏 , 𝐓𝟐 and 𝐓𝟑 (𝐓𝟏 > 𝐓𝟐 > 𝐓𝟑 ).
T1

T2
W
Ebλ . μm
m2

T3
λ(μm)
The conclusion is that the measurements are
GATE Question contd…(ME -2005)
(A) correct because the maxima in 𝐄𝐛𝛌 show the correct trend

(B) correct because Planck’s law is satisfied

(C) wrong because the Stefan Boltzmann law is not satisfied

(D) wrong because Wien’s displacement law is not satisfied

GATE Question (ME -2008)
A hollow enclosure is formed between two infinitely long concentric
cylinders of radii 1m and 2m, respectively. Radiative heat exchange
takes place between the inner surface of the larger cylinder (surface-
2) and the outer surface of the smaller cylinder (surface-1). The
radiating surfaces are diffuse and the medium in the enclosure is
non-participating. The fraction of the thermal radiation leaving the
larger surface and striking itself is
GATE Question contd…(ME -2008)
Surface-1

(A) 0.25
Surface-2
(B) 0.5
(C) 0.75
(D) 1
GATE Question (ME -2009)
Statement for Common Data Questions

Radiative heat transfer is intended between the inner surfaces of two

very large isothermal parallel metal plates. While the upper plate
(designated as plate 1) is a black surface and the warmer one being
maintained at 𝟕𝟐𝟕∘ 𝐂, the lower plate ( plate 2) is a diffuse and gray
surface with an emissivity of 0.7 and is kept at 𝟐𝟐𝟕∘ 𝐂.
GATE Question contd…(ME -2009)
Assume that the surfaces are sufficiently large to form a two-surface
enclosure and steady state conditions to exist. Stefan Boltzmann
constant is given as 5.67 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 𝐖/𝐦𝟐 𝐊 𝟒 .
GATE Question contd…(ME -2009)

The irradiation (in kW/𝐦𝟐 ) for the upper plate (plate 1) is

(A) 2.5

(B) 3.6

(C) 17.0

(D) 19.5
GATE Question contd…(ME -2009)
If plate 1 is also a diffuse and gray surface with an emissivity value of
0.8, the net radiation heat exchange (in kW/𝐦𝟐 ) between plate 1 and
plate 2 is
(A) 17.0

(B) 19.5

(C) 23.0

(D) 31.7
GATE Question (ME -2012)
For an opaque surface, the absorptivity (𝛂), transmissivity (𝛕) and
reflectivity (𝛒) are related by the equation:

(A) α+ρ=τ

(B) ρ+α+τ=0

(C) α+ρ=1

(D) α+ρ=0
GATE Question (ME -2012)
Consider two infinitely long thin concentric tubes of circular cross
section as shown in figure. If 𝐃𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐃𝟐 are the diameters of inner and
outer tubes respectively, then the view factor 𝐅𝟐𝟐 is given by

𝐃𝟐 𝐃𝟏
(A) −𝟏 (C)
𝐃𝟏 𝐃𝟐
1

𝐃𝟏
(B) Zero (D) 𝟏 −
𝐃𝟐
2
GATE Question (ME -2013)
Two large diffuse gray parallel plates separated by a small distance ,
have surface temperature of 400 K and 300 K. If the emissivities of the
surfaces are 0.8 and the Stefan – Boltzmann constant is 𝟓. 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖
W/𝐦𝟐 𝐊 𝟒 , the net radiation heat exchange rate in kW/𝐦𝟐 between the
two plates is

(A) 0.66 (C) 0.99

(B) 0.79 (D) 3.96

GATE Question (ME -2014)
A hemispherical furnace of 1 m radius has the inner surface
emissivity, (𝛆 = 𝟏) of its roof maintained at 800 K, while its floor (𝛜 =
𝟎. 𝟓 ) is kept at 600 K. Stefan − Boltzmann constant is 𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟖 ×
𝟏𝟎−𝟖 𝐖Τ𝐦𝟐 𝐊 𝟒 . The net radiative heat transfer (in kW) from the roof
to the floor is _______
GATE Question (ME -2014)
A solid sphere of radius 𝐫𝟏 = 20 mm is placed concentrically inside a
hollow sphere of radius 𝐫𝟐 = 30 mm as shown in the figure.

The view factor 𝐅𝟐𝟏 for radiation heat transfer is

1
𝟐 𝟖 2
𝐀 𝐂
𝟑 𝟐𝟕 r1

𝟒 𝟗 r2
𝐁 𝐃
𝟗 𝟒
GATE Question (ME-2015)
The total emissive power of a surface is 500 W/𝐦𝟐 at a temperature 𝐓𝟏
and 1200 W/𝐦𝟐 at a temperature 𝐓𝟐 , where the temperatures are in
Kelvin. Assuming the emissivity of the surface to be constant, the of the
𝐓
temperature 𝐓𝟏 𝐢𝐬
𝟐

(A) 0.308
(B) 0.416
(C) 0.803
(D) 0.874
GATE Question (ME-2015)
A solid sphere 1 of radius ‘r’ is placed inside a hollow, closed
hemispherical surface 2 of radius ‘4r’. the shape factory 𝐅𝟐−𝟏 is

(A) 1/12

(B) 1/2
1
2
(C) 2 2r
(D) 12 8r
GATE Question (ME-2016)
An infinitely long furnace of 𝟎. 𝟓 𝐦 × 𝟎. 𝟒 𝐦 cross-section is shown in
the figure below. Consider of the furnace to be black. The top and
bottom walls are maintained at temperature 𝐓𝟏 = 𝐓𝟑 = 𝟗𝟐𝟕℃ while
the side walls are at temperature 𝐓𝟐 = 𝐓𝟒 = 𝟓𝟐𝟕℃. The view factor,
𝐅𝟏−𝟐 is 0.26. The net radiation heat loss or gain on side 1 is_________
W/m.
GATE Question contd…(ME-2016)
Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 𝐖/𝐦𝟐 ‐ 𝐊 𝟒

Side 3, T3

Side 4, T4

Side 2, T2
0.4 m
Side 1, T1
0.5 m
GATE Question (ME-2016)
Two large parallel plates having a gap of 10 mm in between then are
maintained at temperatures 𝐓𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 K & 𝐓𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐊. Given
emissivity values, 𝛆𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟓, 𝛆𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 and Stefan-Boltzmann constant
𝛔 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟖 𝐖/𝐦𝟐 − 𝐊 𝟒 , the heat transfer between the plates (in
kW/𝐦𝟐 ) is __________
GATE Question (ME-2016)
Consider the radiation heat exchange inside an annulus between two
very long concentric cylinders. The radius of the outer cylinder is 𝐑 𝐨
and that of the inner cylinder is 𝐑 𝐢 . The radiation view factor of the
outer cylinder onto itself is
GATE Question contd…(ME-2016)
𝐑𝐢 𝐑 𝐢 𝟏/𝟑
𝐀 𝟏− 𝐂 𝟏−
𝐑𝐨 𝐑𝐨

𝐑𝐢 𝐑𝐢
𝐁 𝟏− 𝐃 𝟏−
𝐑𝐨 𝐑𝐨
D.S. Kumar
Of the radiant energy 350 W/m2 incident upon a surface, 250 W/m2
is absorbed, 60 W/m2 is reflected and remainder is transmitted
through the surface. Find out the transmissivity of the surface.

a) 0.714

b) 0.171

c) 0.115

d) 0
D.S. Kumar
Thermal Radiation strikes a surface which has a reflectivity of 0.55
and a transmissivity of 0.032. The absorbed flux as measured
indirectly by heating effect works out to be 95 W/m2. Determine the
rate of incident flux in W/m2.
a) 7.27
b) 124.99
c) 227.27
d) 359.53
D.S. Kumar
Radiant energy with intensity of 800 W/m2 strikes a flat palte
normally. The absorptivity is twice the transmissivity and thrice the
reflectivity. Determine the rate of reflection of energy.
Stefan Boltzmann Law ISRO 2006
Wien’s Displacement law - ISRO 2010

Correction
0.5 µm
View factor
IES 2006
View factor
IES 2009
Radiosity & Radiative properties
IES 2000
Blackbody Concept – Cengel & Cimbala
Wien’s Displacement Law –
Cengel & Cimbala
Radiative Properties – Cengel & Cimbala
Radiative Properties
Grey Body ISRO 2006
View Factors
View Factors
Radiative Properties
Irradiation – Incropera &
Radiative Properties
Radiation Shields
IES 2002
Radiation Shields
IES 1992/2004
Radiation Heat Exchange
IES 1994
Intensity Of emitted Radiation – Cengel and
Cimbala
Intensity Of Emitted Radiation Cengel & Cimbala
Interchange factor – ISRO exam Year not
known
View Factors
Radiation Heat Exchange
Radiation Heat Exchange
Radiation Heat Exchange
Radiative Properties
ISRO 2017
D.S. Kumar
Measurements were made of the monochromatic absorptivity and
monochromatic hemispherical irradiation incident on an opaque
surface and the variation of these parameters with the wavelength
may be approximated as shown in the figure. Determine the

1. Absorbed radiant flux

2. Total Hemispherical Absorptivity

3. Total reflectivity of the surface

Plank’c Law
Level 3
IES 1998 ISRO 2010
Blackbody Radiation Function

GIVEN
View Factor
Cengel and Cimbala
Intensity Of emitted Radiation – Cengel and
Cimbala
Blackbody Radiation function

GIVEN
Absorptivity

GIVEN
View Factors
Radiation Networks
Radiation Shields
Black body Radiation
Considering the sun to be a black body with surface temperature T
and radius R, find out the expression for thermal radiation emitted
by sun and falling on earth. The earth can be considered to be a
perfectly spherical body with comparatively small radius r. The
centre to centre distance between earth and sun, l, is very large as
compared to there radii.
Intensity of Emitted Radiation & Black body
Radiation function

GIVEN
Transmissivity

GIVEN

Assume sun temperature to be 5800 K.

View Factors

Hint: Use the dotted geometry, 4, as shown.

View Factor
Two diffuse surfaces, a small disc of area A1, and a large disc of area
A2, are parallel to each other and directly opposed, i.e. a line joining
their centers is normal to both the surfaces. The large disc has radius
R and is located at a height L from the smaller disc. Obtain the
expression for the view factors F12 & F21.