Module 6:

Health Promotion and

Education
Objectives:
 After the end of the lecture students are expected
to:
 To understand the different concepts and ideas
related to health and health education
 To become aware of the five key areas and
approach in health promotion and education
 To realize the need to maintain a healthy lifestyle
and to start changing their habits that affects their
fitness and healthy life
 To be able to integrate in their values the advocacy
for the promotion of healthy environment and health
for all
Outline:
 Health Education
 Definition
 Five Key Areas in Health Promotion and Education
 Five Health Promotion Approach
 Medical Approach
 Behavior Change Approaches
 Educational approach
 In Client-Centered Approach
 Societal Change Approach
 Healthy Lifestyle
 Definition
 How to promote a healthy lifestyle?
 Advocacy for Health R.A. 9163
Motivation:

 Are you healthy? Why?

 How do you define a healthy person?
 Have you been sent to the doctor or hospitalized?

Activity:

 Diagram of a Healthy Person

 Ask your students to bring the following material: white cartolina, pencils,
coloring pen, scissors and glue
 Ask your student to draw and image of a healthy person and present it in the
class

 Identify a symbolic picture of your answers to the questions above.

 Draw a coat of arms using all the symbolic picture of your answers as
elements.
Lecture: Health Education

1. Health Education
 Definition
 Health
 The World Health Organization in 1948 defined health as:
 A state of complete physical, social and mental well-being, and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
 Within the context of health promotion, health has been
considered less as an abstract state and more as a means to an
end which can be expressed in functional terms as a resource
which permits people to lead an individually, socially and
economically productive life. Health is a resource for everyday
life, not the object of living. It is a positive concept emphasizing
social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities.
 Health for All
 It is the attainment by all the people of the world of a level of health
that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive
life.

 Health promotion
 Is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to
improve their health.
 Health Promotion is the process of enabling people by
strengthening their skills and capabilities as well as changing their
social, environmental and economic condition.
 Public health
 It is science and art of promoting health, preventing disease, and
prolonging life through the organized efforts of society.
 It is a social and political concept aimed at the improving health,
prolonging life and improving the quality of life not just for a
single individual but among whole populations through health
promotion, disease prevention and other forms of health
intervention.

 Health education
 Health education comprises consciously constructed opportunities
for learning how to promote individual and public health. It involves
activities designed to improve health literacy, including improving
knowledge, and developing life skills which are conducive to
individual and community health.
2. Five Key Areas in Health Promotion and Education
 In the 21st century the Jakarta Declaration of the World Health
Organizations (WHO) identifies five priorities in health promotion
and education:
 Promote social responsibility for health
 Increase investments for health development
 Expand partnerships for health promotion
 Increase community capacity and empower the individual
 Secure an infrastructure for health promotion

3. Five Health Promotion Approach

 Various models of health promotion and health education are
useful analytical tool, which can help clarify goals and values ​of
health promotion. A framework consisting of five approaches to
health promotion, and demonstrate the values ​inherent in their
respective approaches.
 Medical Approach
 the freedom from disease and disability as
defined by medical, such as infectious diseases,
cancer and heart disease
 It involves medicine to prevent or alleviate pain,
perhaps with persuasive and paternalistic
methods.
 It gives the importance of preventive medical
measures, and responsibilities of the medical
profession to make sure that patients adhere to
recommended procedures.
 Behavior Change Approaches
 To change community attitudes and individual
behavior, so they took this healthy lifestyle.
 Educational approach
 To provide information and ensure knowledge and
understanding of the matter of health. Information about
health is presented, and
 People are helped to explore the values ​and attitudes, and
make their own decisions.
 Assistance in implementing the decisions and adopt new
health practices can also be offered by school health
education programs.
 In Client-Centered Approach
 This approach is to work with clients to help them identify
what they want to know and do, and make their own
decisions and choices according to their interests and
values.
 Self empowered client is seen as central to this goal.
 Societal Change Approach
 to make changes in the physical environment, social and
economic development, in order to make it more conducive
to a healthy state
4. Healthy Lifestyle
 Definition
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Health not
just defined as the absence of disease it is a state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being. Interestingly enough
 Healthy lifestyle then are the steps, actions and strategies one
puts in place to achieve optimum and maximum health. It is
about making smart and informed decision in maintaining our
health
 How to promote a healthy lifestyle?
 Balanced Diet – the Motto program initiated by Prof. Poerwo
Soedarmo in 1950, the father of Nutrition Indonesia suggest the
following:
 Eat a variety of foods
 Eat foods to meet energy coverage
 Eat foods carbohydrate source half of their energy needs
 Limit your intake of fats and oils up to a quarter of the energy adequacy
 Use iodized salt
 Eat food sources of iron
 Give only to infants only breast milk until the age of four months and add
the solids after
 Always eat breakfast
 Drink water that is safe and adequate amount
 Make regular physical activity
 Avoid alcoholic beverages
 Eat foods that are safe for health
 Read labels on packaged foods
 Pattern break – people are too busy and stressed by their workload, domestic
problem and even school requirements and activities and so there is n time to
rest.
 The body desperately needs sleep. If you are only able to gain time for 3-4 hours
at night, try to find extra time and complete the rest
 Rest doesn’t mean sleep, if you can relax your body and your mind until you feel
completely relaxed.
 Do breathing exercises, a few minutes of meditation is very meaningful to all your
organs.
 Exercise – it keeps your body at its peak and fit
 Fitness is associated with the following:
 Our bodies are strong
 Allows the growth of a healthy soul
 Enhance the immune defense system and us. By itself capable ward off various
diseases
 Maintain flexibility, endurance and strength, which in turn will encourage us
remain active with high mobility
 Reduce and avoid stress
 Look better, feel better and think better
 Sports activities maintains our body in a fit condition
 At least thirty-minutes of continuous walk or jog
 Gym and Fitness activities is also an option to make your body
 Free from dangerous addictive substances
 Be educated and learn the dangers of drugs (narcotics, drugs, and
addictive substances) and alcoholic beverages
 Balancing spirituality
 To be able to realize a balance spirituality will help you behave or
think and feel with more compassion and so there is less negative
emotion that will stress your mind and your soul.
 Efforts that can be done alone could be providing a special time for
a break from all the busyness and brings you to the tranquility and
relief like when you are attending the mass, prayer or meditation.
5. Advocacy for Health
 Definition
 An over-all design for health promotion and education
which is a combination of individual and social actions
designed to gain political commitment, policy support,
social acceptance and systems support for a particular
health goal or program.
 How can we help in Health Promotion and Education?
 Create living conditions which are conducive to health
and the achievement of healthy lifestyles.
 The use of the mass media and available multi-media in
educating our community of the current and updated
health policies of the government
 Direct political lobbying to policy makers
 Community Mobilization through, coalitions of interest
around defined issues.
6. HIV and AIDS
 Definition of Terms
 HIV – It stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Unlike
a common cold or flu virus that stays in the body only for
a few days when a person becomes infected with HIV, the
person becomes "HIV positive" for a lifetime. The HIV
virus would gradually infect and kills white blood cells
called CD4 lymphocytes (or "T cells") which make the
body unable to fight off certain kinds of infections and
cancers.
 AIDS - It stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome and is caused by HIV. In simple terms, people
treat AIDS as advanced HIV disease. The immunity system
of a person with AIDS is weakened by HIV that the person
will get sick easily and find it difficult to recover from such
simple diseases.
 What are the symptoms of HIV infection or AIDS
 The first symptoms of HIV infection might resemble
symptoms of common cold or flu viruses.
 Other early symptoms of early infection are also similar to
other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and other
infections like hepatitis and tuberculosis.
 Those who do have symptoms generally experience fever,
fatigue, and, often, rash.
 Yet other HIV infected persons do not exhibit any of the
symptoms above, as such, the only way to confirm is to
test the presence of HIV antibodies.
 How do I get HIV?
 If you are exposed to the body fluids of a person containing
HIV which includes:
 Blood (including menstrual blood)
 Semen and possibly pre-seminal fluid ("pre-cum")
 Vaginal secretion
 Breast milk

 Three of the four body fluids that contain HIV are transferable
during sexual intercourse, thus unsafe sex and promiscuity
is the leading cause of being infected with HIV.

 Other ways that HIV can be transmitted:

 Sharing needles when shooting drugs
 Home tattooing and body piercing
 Accidental needle sticks
 Blood transfusions
 Childbirth
 Breast-feeding
  False ideas on the transfer of HIV from an infected person:
 Saliva, tears, sweat, feces, or urine
 Hugging
 Kissing
 Massage
 Shaking hands
 Insect bites
 Living in the same house with someone who has HIV
 Sharing showers or toilets with someone with HIV

 How should I prevent being infected with HIV?

 Keeping a strong moral foundation and spirituality to guide
youth and individuals away from engaging in unsafe sex and
promiscuity
 Avoid or do not try to get a tattoo or body pierce
 Always make sure that syringe used on you for medical
purposes are sanitized and new
 Always make sure that the blood transfused or donated are HIV
free
  Is there a cure?
 Up to this time, there is no cure for HIV.
 All drugs being tested in advanced pharmaceutical firms around the
world had yet to discover a cure to the illness.
 Drug therapy only prolonged and improve the quality of life of people
infected with HIV.


 What are sexually transmitted disease ad its relation to
HIV?
 HIV is one of the sexually transmitted diseases from unsafe, immoral
sex and promiscuity. Other sexually transmitted diseases includes:
 Chlamydia – Is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD)
caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, bacteria that can damage a
woman's reproductive organs like infertility, and can cause foul
discharge from the penis of an infected patient.
 Trichomoniasis ("Trich") – it has no symptoms but may cause
unusual genital discharge for both men and women. The disease
can also increase a person’s risk of acquiring HIV and pregnant
women can deliver premature, low birth weight babies.
 Gonorrhea – the disease damages not just the reproductive organ
of the infected person but can affect the anus, eyes, mouth,
genitals, or throat.
  Human papilloma virus (HPV) ("Warts") – One silent killer among
the list of sexually transmitted diseases for it is asymptomatic,
unrecognized, or subclinical and yet a leading cause of cervical
cancers among women.
 Genital herpes – like HIV there is no cure for Herpes and at an
early stage it doesn’t exhibit symptoms to an infected person.
The swollen genital may not be enough to make sure you are
inflicted with herpes, a laboratory test is needed to validate the
symptoms.
 Syphilis – one of the most common and easily diagnose STD is
Syphilis and is easy to cure in its early stages. Symptoms
include a firm, round, small, and painless sore on the genitals,
anus, or mouth, or a rash on the body, especially on the palms of
the hands or the soles of the feet.
 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) – Hepatitis could easily be transferred
from an infected person to his/her partner thru sexual
intercourse.

 If you have ever had an STD, you need to test yourself for HIV
infection, for the unsafe sex might have exposed you to HIV as well.

 Official Statistics of HIV in the Philippines (to be updated)

 According to the official statistics of University of California, California,
U.S.A. as of 2009 there is an increase in the incidence of HIV infection and
AIDS victim in the Philippines.
General HIV/AIDS

 Comprehensive Indicator Report, HIV and AIDS incidence in the

Philippines, University of California, California, U.S.A., 2009
South & South-East
Indicator Year Philippines World Source
Asia (R-1)

Adults and children living with

HIV (I-1) 2009 8,700 4,100,000 33,300,000 UNAIDS, 2010
(Est)
Adults (ages 15+) living with
HIV (I-2) 2009 8,600 4,000,000 30,800,000 UNAIDS, 2010
(Est)
Women (ages 15+) living with
HIV (I-3) 2009 2,600 1,400,000 15,900,000 UNAIDS, 2010
(Est)
Children (ages 0-14) living with
HIV (I-4) 2009 nd 150,000 2,500,000 UNAIDS, 2010
(Est)
AIDS orphans currently living
(ages 0-17) (I-5) 2009 nd 1,000,000 16,600,000 UNAIDS, 2010
(Est)

Adults and child AIDS deaths (I-6)

2009 <200 260,000 1,800,000 UNAIDS, 2010
(Est)

nd = No data
 The Role of AdU NSTP in Combating HIV Infection
and AIDS
 Adamson University safeguards the sanctity of the
family and marriage life, thus, it has a firm stand
against pre-marital sex and extra-marital sex
 Safe sex for AdU NSTP only means marital sex within
the bound and parameter of moral and upright marital
life