THE FIVE KINGDOM

CLASSIFICATION
ORGANISMS

EUKRAYOTES
PROKARYOTES

UNICELLULAR
UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR

MONERA
PROTISA

WITH CELL WALL WITHOUT CELL WALL

ANIMALIA
FUNGI PLANTAE
 KINGDOM PLANTAE
 These are multicellular PLANTAE
eukaryotes with cell walls.
 They are autotrophs and
THALLOPHYT
have chlorophyll for A
photosynthesis. Thus all
plants are included in this PTERIDOPHY
group. TA
 This kingdom is further
divided into PHANEROGA
MS
THALLOPHYTA,
PTERIDOPHYTA,
GMNOSPERMS and GYMNOSPER ANGIOSPERM
ANGIOSPERMS. MS S
 THALLOPHYTA
 The plants that do not have well-differentiated
body design fall in this group.
 The plants in this group are commonly called algae.
 These plants are predominantly aquatic.
 SPIROGYRA, ULOTHRIX, CLADOPHORA and
CHARA are few examples of algae.
ULOTHRIX CLADOPHORA
 SPIROGYRA
ULVA
CELL WALL
CHLOROPLAST
PYRENOIDS
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
CHARA
DO YOU KNOW?
LINNAEUS established
the genus- Chara in 1753.
 AGARIUS(MUSHROOM)
 It belongs to group of Fungi
of division Thallophyta.
 Its body is thallus i.e., not
divided into root, stem and
PILEUS leaf.
 It is a heterotroph due to
absence of chlorophyll.
 It is a saprophyte.
GILLS  Its reproductive organs are
single celled.
ANNUIUS
 No embryo is formed in it
after fertilization.
STIPE
 It has no vascular system.
 BRYOPHYTHA
 These are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom.
 The plant body is commonly differentiated to form stem
and leaf-like structures.
 However, there is no specialized tissue for the conduction
of water and other substances from one part of the plant
body to another.
 MOSS (FUNARIA) and MARCHANTIA are the examples of
this group.
 RICCIA FUNARIA

MARCHANTIA

DO YOU KNOW?
One of the more than
100 species in this genus
is the “Slender Riccia.” DO YOU KNOW?
Recently it has been assigned its
own plant division,
“Marchantiophyta”.
DO YOU KNOW?
“Funaria hygrometrica” is the most
common species of this genus.
 PTERIDOPHYTA
In this group, the plant body is
differentiated into roots, stem and leaves.
It has specialized tissue for the conduction
of water and other substances from one part
of the plant body to another.
MARSILEA, FERNS and HORSE-TAILS are some
examples of this group.
MARSILEA FERN
LEAF

SPOROCARP

STEM

ROOT
 HORSETAIL
 The horse tails are a class in the
Pteridophyta(ferns).
 They were one of the most
important groups in the Palaezoic
Era.
 They are seen in the coal
measures of the Carboniferous
period , and some were trees
reaching 30 meters.
 The group is now almost extinct,
but one genus survives. That
genus is EQUISETUM- the only
living genus of horsetails.
 SIMILARITIES AMONG THE ABOVE
THREE GROUPS
The thallophytes, the bryophytes and
the pteridophytes have naked
embryos that are called spores.
The reproductive organs of plants in all
these three groups are very
inconspicuous, and they are therefore
called ‘CRYPTOGAMAE’, or ‘those with
hidden reproductive organs’.
 PHANEROGAMS
 Plants with well-differentiated reproductive
tissues that ultimately make seeds are called
phanerogams.
 Seeds are the result of the reproductive
process. They consist of the embryo along with
stored food, which serves for the initial growth
of the embryo during germination.
 This group is further classified, based on
whether the seeds are naked or enclosed in
fruits, giving us two groups: GYMNOSPERMS and
ANGIOSPERMS.
 GYMNOSPERMS
 GYMNOSPERMS-This term is comprised of two
Greek words: gymno-means naked and sperma-
means seed.
 The plants of this group bear naked seeds.
 The plants of this group are usually perennial,
evergreen and woody.
 PINES and DEODAR are the examples of this
group.
PINUS CYCAS
 ANGIOSPERMS
 ANGIOSPERM-This word is comprised of two Greek words:
angio-means covered and sperma-means seed.
 The seeds develop inside an organ which is modified to
become a fruit.
 These are also called flowering plants.
 Plant embryos in seeds have structures called cotyledons
which are called ‘seed leaves’.
 The angiosperms are divided into two groups on the basis of
the number of cotyledons present in the seeds-
(i)MONOCOTS or MONOCOTYLEDONS-have single
cotyledon (ii)DICOTS-have two cotyledons.
 MONOCOTS-
PAPHIOPEDILUM dicots-ipomoea
 FLOWER
MUSTARD
PLANT(BRASSICA
CAMPESTRIS)
FRUIT
 It is an angiospermic plant.
 Its body is well-differentiated
into root, stem and leaves.
PETIOLE  Mustards are several plant
species in the genera Brassica
MID-RIB
and Sinapis whose small
LEAF mustard seeds are used as a
BLADE spice.
 It has well-developed vascular
system.
 Its seeds are embedded inside
MAIN ROOT the fruits.

LATERAL ROOT
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