Chapter 10

Privacy, Security and Ethics

9-1
Introduction
 The ubiquitous use of computers and technology prompts some very important
questions about the use of personal data and our right to privacy.
 This chapter covers issues
related to the impact of
technology on people and
how to protect ourselves
on the Web.

9-2
People

 Privacy – What are the threats to personal privacy and

how can we protect ourselves?
 Security – How can access to sensitive information be
controlled and how can we secure hardware and
software?
 Ethics – How do the actions of individual users and
companies affect society?

9-3
Privacy

 Privacy – concerns the collection and use of data about

individuals
 Three primary privacy issues:
 Accuracy

 Property

 Access

9-4
Large Databases
 Large organizations compile information about us daily
 Big Data
 Ever growing volume of data
 Data collectors include
 Government agencies
 Telephone companies
 Credit card companies
 Supermarket scanners
 Financial institutions
 Search engines
 Social networking sites

9-5
Large Databases (Cont.)
 Information Resellers/Brokers
 Collect and sell personal data
 Create electronic profiles

 Freedom of Information Act

 Entitlement to look
at your records held by
government agencies

9-6
Large Databases (Cont.)
 Personal information is a marketable commodity, which raises
many issues:
 Collecting public, but personally identifying information (e.g.,
Google’s Street View)
 Spreading information without personal consent, leading to
identity theft
 Spreading inaccurate information
 Mistaken identity

9-7
Private Networks

Employee monitoring software

Employers can monitor e-mail legally
A proposed law could prohibit this type of electronic
monitoring or at least require the employer to notify the
employee first

9-8
The Internet and the Web

 Illusion of anonymity
 People are not concerned about privacy when surfing the
Internet or when sending e-mail
 History Files
 Temporary Internet Files
 Browser cache
 Cookies
 Privacy Mode
 Spyware

9-9
History Files and Temporary Internet
Files
History Files
Include locations or addresses of sites you have
recently visited
Temporary Internet Files / Browser Cache
Saved files from visited websites

Return
Viewing History Files

9-10
Cookies
 Cookies
 Small data files that are deposited on
your hard disk from web sites you
have visited
 First-party cookies
 Third-party cookies

Blocking Cookies

Return

9-11
Privacy Modes

 Privacy Modes
 InPrivate Browsing
 Internet Explorer
 Private Browsing
 Safari

 Eliminate history
files

Return

9-12
Spyware
Designed to secretly record and report your
activities on the Internet
 Web bugs
 Small images or HTML code hidden within an
e-mail message
 When a user opens the message information
is sent back to the source of the bug
 Computer monitoring software
 Invasive and dangerous
 Keystroke Loggers
 Record activities and keystrokes
 Anti-Spyware programs

9-13
Online Identity

 The information that people voluntarily post about

themselves online
 Archiving and search features of the Web make it
available indefinitely
 Major Laws on Privacy
 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act
 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

9-14
Security

Involves protecting individuals or organizations from

theft and danger
Hackers
 Gain unauthorized access

Cybercrime / Computer Crime

 Criminal offense that involves a computer and a network
 Effects over 400 million people annually
 Costs over $400 billion each year

9-15
Computer Crime
Malicious Programs - Malware
 Viruses

 Worms

 Trojan horse
 Zombies

Denial of Service
 (DoS) attack

9-16
Computer Crime (Cont.)

Rogue Wi-Fi hotspots

Data manipulation
 Computer Fraud and
Abuse Act
Identity Theft
Cyber-bullying

9-17
Computer Crime (Cont.)
 Internet scams
 Phishing

9-18
Measures to Protect Computer Security

Principle measures to ensure computer security

Restricting access
Encrypting data
Anticipating disasters
 Physical security
 Data security
 Disaster recovery plan
Preventing data loss

9-19
Restricting Access

Biometric scanning Passwords

 Fingerprint scanners  Dictionary attack

 Iris (eye) scanners Security Suites
Firewalls

Fingerprint scanner

Return

9-20
Encrypting Data

Encryption
 Coding information to make it
unreadable, except to those who have
the encryption key
 E-mail encryption
 File encryption
 Web site encryption
 Virtual private networks (VPNs)
 Wireless network encryption
 WEP, WPA, and WPA2
Return

9-21
Anticipating Disasters

Anticipating Disasters  Preventing Data Loss

 Physical Security  Frequent backups
 Data Security  Redundant data storage
 Disaster Recovery Plan

9-22
Making IT Work for You ~ Cloud-Based
Backup
 Cloud-based backup
services such as
Carbonite provide
cloud-based backup
services

9-23
Ethics
Ethics - Standards of moral conduct
Computer Ethics – guidelines for the morally acceptable use of computers
 Copyright

 Gives content creators the right to control the use and distribution
of their work
 Paintings, books, music, films, video games
 Software piracy
 Unauthorized copying and distribution of software
 Digital rights management (DRM)
 Digital Millennium Copyright Act
 Plagiarism

9-24
Careers in IT
 IT Security Analysts maintain the security of
a company’s network, systems, and data.
 Must safeguard information systems against
external threats
 Annual salary is usually from $62,000 to
$101,000
 Demand for this position is expected to
grow

9-25
A Look to the Future ~ The End of
Anonymity

 Most forums and comment areas on websites allow users to post

messages anonymously
 Some use this for abusive and threatening comments
 Online harassment
 Cyberbullying

 Stalking

 Damaging reputations
 How do you feel?

9-26