Chapter 2

Fundamentals of the World Wide Web

and Internet

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
The Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks

that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Page 74 2
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-1
Evolution of the Internet

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September

1969 and had two main goals:
Allow scientists at
Function even if part of
different physical
the network were
locations to share
disabled or destroyed
information and work
by a disaster
together

Page 75 3
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet

• Each organization is responsible only for

maintaining its own network
– The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) oversees
research and sets guidelines and standards
• Internet2 connects more than 200 universities
and 115 companies via a high-speed private
network

Page 76 4
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Evolution of the Internet

• An access provider is a business that provides individuals

and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee

Page 77 5
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-2
Page 79 6
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-3
Evolution of the Internet

• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)
• A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address

Pages 79 – 80 7
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-4
Page 80 8
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-5
The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a

worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means
for users to interact
Pages 80 - 81 9
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to

access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs

Internet
Firefox Opera
Explorer

Google
Safari
Chrome

Page 81 10
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A home page is the first • Some Web pages are

page that a Web site designed specifically for
displays microbrowsers
• Web pages provide links to
other related Web pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the
process of receiving
information

Pages 82 - 83 11
Figure 2-7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or

Web address

Pages 82 – 83 12
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-8
The World Wide Web

• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple

Web pages in a single Web browser window

Page 84 13
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-9
The World Wide Web

• Two types of search tools are search engines and

subject directories

Search Subject
engine directory
Classifies Web
Finds information
pages in an
related to a
organized set of
specific topic
categories
Page 85 14
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Page 85 15
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-10
The World Wide Web

• A search engine is helpful in locating items such

as:

Images Videos Audio Publications

People or
Maps Blogs
Businesses

Page 85 16
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Page 86 17
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-11
The World Wide Web

• Some Web browsers contain an Instant Search

box to eliminate the steps of displaying the search
engine’s Web page prior to entering the search
text

Page 87 18
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-12
The World Wide Web

• Search operators can help to refine your search

Page 87 19
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-13
The World Wide Web

• There are thirteen types of Web sites

Portal News Informational Business/Marketing

Blog Wiki Online Social Educational

Network
Pages 88 – 91 20
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-15
The World Wide Web

Entertainment Advocacy Web

Application

Content Personal
Aggregator
Pages 91 – 92 21
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-15
Video: Tell Your Stories via Vlog

CLICK TO START

22
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages

Page 92 23
Figure 2-16 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Multimedia refers to any application that

combines text with:

Page 92 24
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A graphic is a digital
representation of
nontext information
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF

Page 93 25
Figure 2-17 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger
graphic

Page 94 26
Figure 2-19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Animation is the appearance of motion created

by displaying a series of still images in sequence

Page 94 27
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
The World Wide Web

• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound

– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow

Pages 94 – 95 28
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-20
Page 95 29
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-21
The World Wide Web

• Video consists of images displayed in motion

Page 96 30
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-22
The World Wide Web

• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to

simulate a real or imagined environment that
appears as a three-dimensional space

Pages 96 – 97 31
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-23
The World Wide Web

• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability

of a Web browser

Page 97 32
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-24
The World Wide Web

• Web publishing is the development and

maintenance of Web pages

Analyze
Maintain
Plan a and Create a Deploy a
a Web
Web site design a Web site Web site
site
Web site

Page 98 33
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
E-Commerce

• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs

over an electronic network
– M-commerce identifies e-commerce that takes place
using mobile devices

Page 98 34
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
E-Commerce

Business-
to-
consumer
(B2C)

E-commerce
Business- Consumer-
to- to-
business consumer
(B2B) (C2C)

Pages 98 - 99 35
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Page 99 36
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-25
Other Internet Services

• E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages

Page 101 37
Figure 2-26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Page 102 38
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-27
Other Internet Services

• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses

given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name

Page 103 39
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-28
Other Internet Services

• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet

communications service

Page 104 40
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-29
Other Internet Services

• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer
• A chat room is a
location on an Internet
server that permits
users to chat with each
other

Page 105 41
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-30
Other Internet Services

• VoIP (Voice over IP)

enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony

Page 106 42
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-31
Other Internet Services

• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
– Typically requires a
newsreader
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group

Page 107 43
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-32
Other Internet Services

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard

that permits file uploading and downloading with
other computers on the Internet
• Many operating systems include FTP capabilities
• An FTP server is a computer that allows users to
upload and/or download files using FTP

Page 107 44
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Netiquette

• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet

behavior

Page 108 45
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Figure 2-33
Summary

Browsing, navigating,
History and structure of searching, Web
World Wide Web
the Internet publishing, and
e-commerce

Other Internet services:

e-mail, instant
messaging, chat rooms, Rules of netiquette
VoIP, newsgroups and
message boards, and FTP

Page 109 46
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Fundamentals of the World Wide Web
and Internet

Discovering
Computers 2012
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 2 Complete
Project due Oct. 10
• Use WWW to find ten best home pages about the following ten
topics and sort
• them by content quality, completeness, and relevance:
• Trinidad Tobago, San Francisco, Taipei Satellite Images,
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Harvard University, Science
Citation Index,
• Airbus A380, HTC, Bioinformatics, National Parks in United States.
• Each of the ten best home pages must have different domain name.

10A-
48