FINAL YEAR PROJECT PROPOSAL

GLASS AND CARBON FIBRE-ALUMINIUM METAL LAMINATES (FML):

FLEXURAL AND INTERLAMINAR SHEAR PROPERTIES

NAME :MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIM BIN CHE ISMAIL

STUDENT ID : 201623888
CLASS : EMD7M11
SUPERVISOR NAME : ASSOC. PROF. DR AIDAH BT JUMAHAT
 INTRODUCTION

 Composite materials are now one of the strongest materials used in various type of
applications in the industry.
 Fibre reinforce polymer (FRP) basically is made of polymer matrix reinforced with
fibres.
 Fibre metal laminates (FML) are hybrid composite materials that are built up from
interlacing layers of thin metals and fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) adhesives
 The mechanical tests to be conducted on the FML is Flexural ASTM D790 and
Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) ASTM D2344
 The physical test that was used is Density test D792 and Hardness test ASTM D785-08
 PROJECT PROPOSED

 FMLs are fabricated using FRP prepregs unidirectional (UD) glass , UD carbon and
Woven glass with laminates the aluminium sheet metal and stainless steel wire
mesh.
 16 layers of FRP and Metal sheets to achieve the thickness of FML for Flexural test.
 24 layers of FRP and Metal sheets to achieve the thickness of FML for ILSS test.
 Flexural and Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) test is to determined the mechanical
properties through a three point bend test
 The test will be conducted using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) in
accordance to ASTM Standard (D790) for flexural and (D2344) for ILLS
 Followed up by Density test and Hardness test for physical test.
 Used the Optical microscope to check the microstructure of FML.
 We can identify the behavior and capability of a new types of composite
materials hybrid with aluminium thin sheet and wire mesh.
 WHY FML IS CHOOSEN

 Lightweight
 Durable
 High energy absorption
 High durability
 Better strength than Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)
 Can be used in most sector especially in aviation
 Can contribute a lot in engineering sector
 OBJECTIVES

 To investigate the effect of the aluminium thin sheet and wire mesh plies
on physical properties of UD Carbon , UD Glass and Woven glass laminate
systems.
 To investigate the effect of the aluminium thin sheet and wire mesh plies
on flexural properties of UD Carbon , UD Glass and Woven glass laminate
systems.
 To investigate the effect of the aluminium thin sheet and wire mesh plies
on interlaminar shear strength (ILLS) properties of UD Carbon , UD Glass
and Woven glass laminate systems.
 EXPECTED RESULTS

 The presence of aluminium thin sheet and wire mesh plies will improve the
flexural and ILLS properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites.
 The presence of aluminium thin sheet and wire mesh plies will improve the failure
strain of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites.
 The presence of FML also give an impact into lightweight reduction and the
suitable in industry applications.
 SCOPE OF STUDY

 To determine the properties of FML between prepreg composites of UD

carbon fibre, UD glass, Woven glass and metal laminates of thin sheet of
aluminium and stainless steel wire mesh
 Arrangement of the FML system as follows : glass fibres or carbon fibre on
the top and the bottom of the laminates systems and aluminium sheet in
the middle of the laminate system
 Flexural and ILSS test will be conducted to estimate the materials failure
due to overloading or cyclic loading
 The system consist 9 system variation
 SYSTEM VARIATIONS
 Flexural test 16 layer laminate system (00 and 900 orientation)
 System 1: Pure laminate of prepreg (UD carbon , UD glass, Woven glass)
 System 2: Pure metal 3mm plate (Aluminium)
 System 3: Sandwich stack with 2mm AL sheet in the middle and 6 pieces of prepreg covering the
metal sheet
 System 4: Sandwich stack with 1mm AL sheet in the middle and 10 pieces of prepreg covering
the metal sheet
 System 5: 2 sheet of 1mm AL place in between of 6 pieces of prepreg covering the metal sheet
 System 6: 3 sheet of 0.5mm AL place in between of 8 pieces of prepreg covering the metal sheet
 System 7: 3 sheets of 0.5mm stainless steel wire mesh with 3mm x 3mm2 grid place in between of
8 pieces of prepreg covering the wire mesh
 System 8: 5 sheets of 0.2mm stainless steel wire mesh with 1mm x 1mm2 grid place in between of
12 pieces of prepreg covering the wire mesh
 System 9: 8 sheets of 0.2mm stainless steel wire mesh with 1mm x 1mm2 grid place in between of
9 pieces of prepreg covering the wire mesh
 ILSS test 24 layer laminate system (00 and 900 orientation)
 System 1: Pure laminate of prepreg (UD carbon , UD glass, Woven glass)
 System 2: Pure metal 5mm plate (Aluminium)
 System 3: Sandwich stack with 2mm AL sheet in the middle and 14 pieces of prepreg covering the metal sheet
 System 4: Sandwich stack with 1mm AL sheet in the middle and 20 pieces of prepreg covering the metal sheet
 System 5: 2 sheet of 1mm AL place in between of 14 pieces of prepreg covering the metal sheet
 System 6: 4 sheet of 0.5mm AL place in between of 15 pieces of prepreg covering the metal sheet
 System 7: 4 sheets of 0.5mm stainless steel wire mesh with 3mm x 3mm2 grid place in between of 15 pieces of
prepreg covering the wire mesh
 System 8: 8 sheets of 0.2mm stainless steel wire mesh with 1mm x 1mm 2 grid place in between of 17 pieces of
prepreg covering the wire mesh
 System 9: 12 sheets of 0.2mm stainless steel wire mesh with 1mm x 1mm 2 grid place in between of 13 pieces of
prepreg covering the wire mesh
FLOW CHART
 Material Figure
UD carbon fibre prepreg

MATERIAL
The UD prepreg layers have Carbon fibres and epoxy adhesive

UD Glass Fiber Prepreg

The UD prepreg layers have S2-Glass fibres and epoxy adhesive

Woven Glass Fiber Prepreg

The woven prepreg layers have S2-Glass fibres and epoxy adhesive

Aluminium Base Plate as the upper and bottom base for the hot press
process and taken directly from FKM Workshop

Aluminium sheet (0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm)

purchased from Yee Ann Hardware Sdn.Bhd.

PTFE teflon sheet was used to produce super smooth surface of laminate
composite. The outstanding temperature resistance (-170°C-260°C)
make it suitable

Stainless Steel Wire Mesh (1x1mm2 grid 0.2mm, 3x3mm2 grid 0.5mm)
purchased from Yee Ann Hardware Sdn. Bhd
 Sample preparation fabrication of
specimen
 Step 1: Firstly, base plate was prepared for specimen into 300mm x 300mm of
dimension .
 Step 2: Place a Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene as a liner of specimen to not stick
at base plate and easy to removed when specimen is compressed already.
 Step 3: Placed a specimen at base plate layer by layer until 16 layers or 24
layers before the specimen was clamped by compress machine. The layer
must be sticked properly to avoid the bubble entrapped into the sample
 Step 4: The specimen was clamped using a 20kN compress machine and the
temperature for the specimen used is 135°C for a one hour under pressure
35kg/cm2
 Step 5: After the specimen was clamped in compress machine, the specimen
was lefted until the temperature of specimen is dropped and cold to take out
from base material
 PHYSICAL TEST
1) DENSITY TEST
 The density test is carried out using the Electronic Analysis Balance
machine
 The test is to determine the density of the FRP which is not modified and
modified by Aluminum metal lamina
 To calculate the composite density, the sample is cut into 3 different
sample and mean value is calculated
 2) HARDNESS TEST

 The test is using the Instron Series 600 machine

 The test is to determine the hardness of unmodified and modified FRP with
aluminum metal laminates.
 The sample is cut into 3 different sample with same size and mean value is
calculated
 MECHANICAL TEST
1) FLEXURAL TEST ASTM D790

 The flexural test was used is three point flexural tests because this type of testing
have received wide acceptance in the composite material industry because the
specimen preparation and fixtures are very simple .
 Standard are used is ASTM790 test method the flexural test will be measured the
force applied for specimen under three point loading conditions
 The test is stopped when the specimen reaches 5% deflection or the specimen
breaks before 5%
 The most commonly used specimen size for this standard is 80mm x 4mm x 13mm
 2) Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILLS)
Test ASTM D2344
 The test give a stress to specimen between two grooves cut on opposite
faces of a fibre-reinforced composite when a tensile stress is applied to the
end
 The standard test used for interlaminar shear strength test is ASTM D2344
 The specimen size followed the standard ASTM is 36mm x 5mm x 13mm
 This test method to determine the interlaminar shear strength of the fibre-
reinforced composites
 PROJECT PLANNING PROJECT PLANNING
(List the main activities of the project. Indicate the length of time needed for each activity.)

2018 2019

Project Activities
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Choose tittle

Background of study, research

scopes and methodology

Literature review

Experimental Work
(Preliminary Result)
1. Prepare samples

2. Physical test

FYP 1 proposal

Proposal Presentation
Q&A SESSION