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What Is Allotropy

The document discusses different allotropes (structural forms) of carbon, including diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and amorphous carbon. Diamond forms deep underground under high heat and pressure, while graphite forms in large surface deposits. Fullerenes were first artificially produced in 1985 and have discrete spherical molecular structures containing multiple carbon atoms, such as C60 buckyballs.

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Anshuman Kalra
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295 views

What Is Allotropy

The document discusses different allotropes (structural forms) of carbon, including diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and amorphous carbon. Diamond forms deep underground under high heat and pressure, while graphite forms in large surface deposits. Fullerenes were first artificially produced in 1985 and have discrete spherical molecular structures containing multiple carbon atoms, such as C60 buckyballs.

Uploaded by

Anshuman Kalra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Allotropy?

The phenomenon of some elements


existing in different forms which vary
in physical and same chemical
properties is called allotropy.
Allotropes of
carbon

Crystalline Amorphus

Diamond Graphite Fullerenes


Charcoal Coke Gas
Lamblack carbon

Wood Sugar
Bone
charcoal carbon
charcoal
DIAMOND
DISCRIPTION-
DIAMOND IS THE COSTLIEST GEMSTONE AND THE
HARDEST NATURAL SUBSTANCE KNOWN.DIAMOND
ARE FORMED AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND
PRESSURE THAT EXIST OVER 100KM BELOW THE
EARTH’S SURFACE.THEY ARE BROUGHT TO THE
SURFACE ALONG WITH THE CARRIER ROCK-
KIMBERLITE-BY VOLCANIC ACTION.THEY FORM
ONLY ONE PART IN OVER 15,000,000 PARTS OF THE
ROCK.DIAMOND ARE FOUND IN AUSTRALIA
,BOTSWANAAND SOUTH AFRICA.DIAMOND IS
ARTIFICIALLY PRODUCED BY HEATING GRAPHITE AT
5000C AND PRESSURE 100,000atm.
DIAMOND IS GENERALLY COLOURLESS OR MAY BE
IN SOME VARITIES-YELLOW,BROWN,RED,BLACK OR
GREY.
PROPERTIES OF
DIAMOND
1.Diamond is hardest solid known.
2.It has density of 3.51g/cc.
3.A properly cut diamond bends back a great
percentage of the light falling on it.
4.It has a very high melting point 3930C.
5.It is a very bad conducter of electricity,i.e,it does
not allow electric current to pass through it.
6.When ignited,it burns in air at 900C and in oxygen
at 700c to give carbon dioxide.
GRAPHITE

DISCRIPTION-GRAPHITE IS A BLACK,OPAQUE
SOLID FOUND IN LARGE DEPOSITS IN MANY
COUNTRIES LIKE CHINA,SOUTH KOREA AND INDIA.
IT IS ARTIFICIALLY PREPARED BY STRONGLY
HEATING COKE WITH SILICA IN ELECTRIC FURNACE.
PROPERTIES OF GRAPHITE

1.GRAPHITE HAS A DENSITY OF 2.2g/cc.


2.UNLIKE DIAMOND ,IT IS VERY SOFT.
3.GRAPHITE IS A GOOD CONDUCTER OF HEAT
AND ELECTRICITY.
4.GRAPHITE MELTS AT 3700C .
5.IT BURNS IN AIR AT 700C TO GIVE CARBON
DIOXIDE.
USES OF GRAPHITE
1.GRAPHITE ELECTRODES ARE WIDELY USED.
2.IT IS USED AS LUBRICANT FOR MACHINES THAT
WORK AT HIGH TEMPRATURE.e.g-the internal
combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
3.IT IS USED IN NUCLER REACTORS AS A CONTROL
ROD.
4.IT IS USED FOR MAKING CRUCIBLES FOR
CASTING METALS.
5.A MIXTURE OF GRAPHITE AND LINSEED OIL IS
USED FOR PAINTING THINGS MADE OF IRON.
FULLERENES
DISCRIPTION-
FULLERENES ARE A CRYSTALLINE FORM OF
CARBON.UNLIKE DIAMOND AND GRAPHITE
,THEY HAVE DISCRETE MOLECULE
CONTAINING LARGE NUMBERS OF CARBON
ATOMS. E.g.C32,C50,C60,C70,76 .
THE FIRST FULLERENE-BUCKMINSTER
FULLERENE(C60)-WAS ARTIFICIALLY
PREPARED IN 1985.THE C60
MOLECULE IS SPHERICAL IN SHAPE.IT
CONSISTS OF 20 HEXAGONS AND 12
PENTAGON OF CARBON ATOMS.EACH
CARBON ATOM IS SHARED BY TWO
HEXAGONS AND ONE PENTAGON.THE
DESIGN LOOKS LIKE A FOOTBALL.SO,IT IS
ALSO CALLED THE BUCKYBALL .

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