Foundation Design Lecture
Foundation Design Lecture
COMBINED FOOTING –in longer slab strips that support two or more individual columns. This
type might be economical where two heavily loaded columns are so spaced than when designed
for isolated footing would run each other. Isolated footings are usually square or rectangular
and when used for columns located right at the property line would beyond those lines.
1. Rectangular
2. Trapezoidal
SPREAD FOOTING FOUNDATION
It is an enlargement at the
bottom of a column or a
bearing wall that spreads
the structural load a certain
area of soil. They are nearly
always made of reinforced
concrete
GRILLAGE FOUNDATION
• Stone columns are best adapted for moderately weak soils, but
they should not be so weak that they do not hold an open hole
• Stone columns are best adapted for stabilizing large areas, for
example under embankments or mat foundations. They also are
used for support of individual columns and walls, but are limited
to about 20 to 50 tons (180 to 450 kN) per column
RAMMED AGGREGATE PIERS
1. Piles
2. Pier / Board
3. Caisson
4. Drilled Shafts
PILE FOUNDATION
are prefabricated
poles made of steel,
wood, or concrete,
that are driven into
the ground
PIER FOUNDATION
It is a collection of large
diameter cylindrical
columns to support the
superstructure andd
transfer large super-
imposed loads to the firm
strata below.
CAISSON FOUNDATION
• Box Caissons
• Excavated Caissons
• Floating Caissons
• Open Caissons
• Pneumatic Caissons
• Sheeted Caissons
Types of Caisson Foundations
• Economics
• Minimizes pile cap needs
• Slightly less noise and reduced vibrations
• Easily adaptable to varying site conditions
• High axial and lateral loading capacity
Disadvantages of Caissons:
Are constructed by
drilling cylindrical holes
in the ground, inserting
reinforcing steel, and
filling
them with concrete.
Factors in Selecting the Type of Foundation
Compressibility Indexes
Permeability
Gravimetric - Volumetric
Purpose of Characteristics
To determine the soil bearing capacity
Settlements
Pore Pressure
Types of Test to be Conducted in Soil for
Foundation