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Introduction and History of Horticulture

Horticulture is the science and practice of growing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. It originated from Latin words meaning "garden cultivation". Key developments included early cultivation by prehistoric people, organized irrigation systems in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, and early scientific study by Theophrastus and Dioscorides. The field advanced further during the Renaissance and with Linnaeus' development of binomial plant classification. Horticulture was established in America through early horticulturists like John Bartram and Thomas Jefferson and the founding of land-grant universities. Liberty Hyde Bailey is considered the "Father of American Horticulture".

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289 views32 pages

Introduction and History of Horticulture

Horticulture is the science and practice of growing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. It originated from Latin words meaning "garden cultivation". Key developments included early cultivation by prehistoric people, organized irrigation systems in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, and early scientific study by Theophrastus and Dioscorides. The field advanced further during the Renaissance and with Linnaeus' development of binomial plant classification. Horticulture was established in America through early horticulturists like John Bartram and Thomas Jefferson and the founding of land-grant universities. Liberty Hyde Bailey is considered the "Father of American Horticulture".

Uploaded by

Ross Armyr Geli
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Horticulture

Horticulture

 Word first used in 1600’s


 Comes from two Latin words
 Hortus “Garden”
 Cultura “Cultivation”
 Horticulture means “cultivated garden”
or “culture of garden plants”
 NOW MUCH MORE…
Horticulture

 The science and practice of growing,


processing and marketing fruits,
vegetables, and ornamental plants.
Branches of Horticulture

 Olericulture
 The growing and study of vegetables.
 Pomology
 The growing and study of fruits and nuts.
 Viticulture
 The growing and study of grapes or vines.
 Floriculture
 The growing and study of flowers.
Branches of Horticulture

 Nursery Management
 The growing and study of trees and shrubs
that are produced primarily for landscape
purposes.
 Arboriculture
 The growing and study of trees.
 Known as silviculture in forestry.
 Synonymous with urban forestry.
QUESTIONS?
Hypothesize - TPS

 Where did horticulture begin?


 Where will the history of horticulture
originate?
 Who invented it?
History of Horticulture

 “Garden of Eden”
 Romanticized garden of paradise.
 Ultimate goal throughout history.
History of Horticulture

 Prehistoric people
were primarily….
 Hunters and
gatherers.
 Collected seeds,
fruits, and nuts.
History of Horticulture

 Primitive people began to study plants.


 Is it edible?
 Does eating it modify well-being?
 Does it taste good?
 Can it used to keep me warm? As fuel? As
clothing?
 Is it useful to combat pain? Disease?
History of Horticulture

 When were plants


first cultivated?
 Neolithic Age (7000
– 10000 years ago)
 First farmers were
women!!!!
History of Horticulture

 By 3000 B.C. in
Egypt
 Land preparation
 Irrigation
 Pruning
History of Horticulture

 Meanwhile in Mesopotamia,
Babylonia, and Assyria…..
 Irrigation canals lined with burnt brick and sealed
with asphalt joints.
 This system kept 10,000 square miles under
cultivation…..
 Which fed 15,000,000 people
 Cultivated roses, figs, dates, grapes, and olives.
History of Horticulture

 Hanging Gardens of
Babylon
 Built by Nebuchadnezzar.
 One of 7 Wonders of the
Ancient World
History of Horticulture
 Eventually people began asking questions
such as…..
 How do they grow?

 How do they reproduce?

 How are they constructed?

 How are they nourished?

 How are they related to one another?

 How are traits passed from one


generation to the next?
History of Horticulture

 Meanwhile, back in
America……
 The Pre-Incas were
cultivating maize
(corn)
History of Horticulture

 Other Indian crops


included……
 Potatoes
 Sweet potatoes
 Peppers
 Squash
 Tomatoes
 Cocoa
History of Horticulture

 The use of plant


products eventually
led to physicians,
pharmacists, and
scientists.
History of Horticulture

 Theophrastus
 1st scientific
horticulturist
 Student of Plato and
Aristotle
 Wrote the books
History of Plants and
The Causes of
Plants.
History of Horticulture
 History of Plants
 Morphology of roots, flowers, and leaves.
 Anatomical features such as bark, pith,
fibers, and vessels.
 The Causes of Plants
 Relationship of weather, soils, and agricultural practices.
 Importance of seeds
 Value of grafting
 Tastes and flagrances of plants
 Death of plants
History of Horticulture

 Dioscorides
 Early Christian Era
 Wrote about the
medicinal uses of
plants
 Proposed ideas
about the
relationship of plants
History of Horticulture

 Middle Ages
 Little advancement in horticulture
 Arabs (established botanical gardens)
 Scientific advances of Greeks and Romans
were preserved in monasteries.
History of Horticulture

 Renaissance
 Rebirth of energetic attention to scientific
discovery.
 Taxonomy, morphology, and anatomy
branches of botany began to grow.
 More and more plants were discovered due
to exploration which required a system of
classification.
History of Horticulture
 Linnaeus (1707-1778)
 Swedish botanist.
 Developed binomial
classification scheme for
plants.
 Based on their sexual or
flowering parts.
 Basis for all classification
systems today.
 Built upon the work of
the Greeks, especially
Dioscorides.
History of Horticulture

 As the Renaissance
evolved……
 Creation of formal
Gardens
 Versailles
 Belvedere in Vienna
History of Horticulture

 Improvements in fruit,
nut, and vegetable
production.
 Influx of new plants
from “the colonies”.
 Some of these plants
became mainstays
of European diets.
Horticulture in America

 When the Europeans arrived they


brought seeds, cuttings, and plants.
 Orchards were established
 Crops brought to America
 Oranges
 Wheat
 Cabbage
Horticulture in America

 Early horticulturists in America


 John Bartram
 George Washington
 Thomas Jefferson
 John Chapman
 aka. Johnny Appleseed
Horticulture in America

 New life in horticulture


 Morrill Act of 1862.
 Established land-grant
universities.
 Encouraged the growth
of agricultural knowledge.
Horticulture in America

 Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858-1954)


 “Father of American Horticulture”
 Educated at Michigan Agricultural College
 Present Day Michigan State University
 Then was a professor at Michigan
Agricultural College and at Cornell
University.
Horticulture in America

 Established the 1st horticulture


department
 Prodigious Writer
 Hortus
 Taxonomic index of horticultural plants.
 Cyclopedia of Horticulture
 Cultural and taxonomic information of plants.
Horticulture in America

 Established the Bailey


Hortorium.
 “things of the garden”
 Established the (ASHS)
American Society of
Horticulture Science in
1903.

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