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Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology Course # KIBGE-707: Afsheen Aman, PH.D

This document provides an overview of a course on bacterial polysaccharides. It discusses different types of bacterial polysaccharides including intracellular, structural, and extracellular polysaccharides. It describes properties and industrial applications of exopolysaccharides as gelling or thickening agents. Specifically, it covers commercially important bacterial exopolysaccharides like xanthan, alginate, and dextran - describing their production pathways and major uses.

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160 views

Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology Course # KIBGE-707: Afsheen Aman, PH.D

This document provides an overview of a course on bacterial polysaccharides. It discusses different types of bacterial polysaccharides including intracellular, structural, and extracellular polysaccharides. It describes properties and industrial applications of exopolysaccharides as gelling or thickening agents. Specifically, it covers commercially important bacterial exopolysaccharides like xanthan, alginate, and dextran - describing their production pathways and major uses.

Uploaded by

Ziwaqar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDUSTRIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL

BIOTECHNOLOGY
Course # KIBGE-707
 

AFSHEEN AMAN, Ph.D.


Assistant Professor
Industrial Biotechnology Section
Dr. A.Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic
Engineering (KIBGE)
University of Karachi
Pakistan

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BACTERIAL
POLYSACCHARIDES
Course # KIBGE-707
Microorganisms synthesize a wide spectrum of

multifunctional polysaccharides including:

 Intracellular polysaccharides

 Structural polysaccharides

 Extracellular polysaccharides or exopolysaccharides

(EPS)

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Polymers may be:

 Assembled as capsular (CPS) polysaccharides


that are tightly associated with the cell surface

 Extracellular polysaccharides are produced by a


great variety of bacteria & are liberated into the
growth medium called as exopolysaccharide(EPS)
may be used to describe either type of
extracellular polysaccharide

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• Many bacterial exopolysaccharide products offer
a range of attractive improvements over
synthetically produced materials.

• But process remain relatively expensive to


produce because of the costs associated with
recovery and purification of a desired product.

• Bacterial EPS can be composed of one type of


sugar monomer(homopolysaccharide) or consist
of several types of monomers
(heteropolysaccharide).

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 Specific conditions that allow for higher fermentation
yields of exopolysaccharides also result in increased
broth viscosity & thickening

 Ultimately requires higher energy input to effectively


disperse oxygen and nutrients to allow sufficient
bacterial growth in the fermentation broth.

 Results in correspondingly higher production costs.


 Bacterial exopolysaccharides are useful
compounds as gelling or viscosity increasing
agents because of their distinctive rheological
properties:

 Resistance to shear
 Compatibility with various ionic compounds
 Stability to extreme temperatures, pH and salt
concentrations

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 A variety of bacteria produce exopolysaccharides
particularly useful as thickening or gelling agents.

 There is an increasing demand for inexpensive and


environmentally acceptable gelling agents for
industrial applications and for the food industry.

Some industrial applications of gelling agents include:


Oil field drilling
Adhesives
Paints
Animal feed
Household products
Personal care products (shampoo, lotion)
Oral care products (toothpaste)
Pharmaceuticals

Some exemplary uses of gelling agents in the food


industry include:
Pudding
Dairy products
Pie filling
Dressings
Confectionery
Sauces
Syrups
Commercially important biopolymers

Xanthan
Alginate
Dextran
 XANTHAN
 It was discovered by an extensive research effort
by Allene Rosalind Jeanes and her research team
at the United States Department of Agriculture
 Screen a large number of biopolymers for their

potential uses.
 brought into commercial production by the Kelco

Company under the trade name Kelzan in the early


1960s.
 It was approved for use in foods after extensive

animal testing for toxicity in 1968. It is accepted as


a safe food additive in the USA, Canada, Europe,
and many other countries, with E number E415.
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 Plant-pathogenic bacteria of the genus
Xanthomonas campestris are able to produce the
acidic exopolysaccharide xanthan gum.

 Because of its physical properties, it is widely


used as a viscosifer, thickener, emulsifier or
stabilizer in both food and non-food industries.

 Glucose as substrate for synthesis of the sugar


nucleotides precursors UDP-glucose, UDP-
glucuronate, and GDP-mannose that are required
for building the pentasaccharide repeat unit.

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 In foods, xanthan gum is most often found in salad
dressings and sauces.
 Used in frozen foods and beverages, helps create the
pleasant texture in many ice creams, along with guar
gum and locust bean gum.
 Toothpaste often contains xanthan gum, where it
serves as a binder to keep the product uniform.
 Xanthan gum is also used in gluten-free baking.
 It is also a preferred method of thickening liquids for
those with swallowing disorders, since it does not
change the color or flavor of foods or beverages.
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ALGINATE
 Alginate is the main representative of a family of
polysaccharides that neither show branching nor
repeating blocks or unit patterns.
 This property distinguishes it from other polymers like
xanthan or dextran.
 Consist of two different components, β-D-mannuronic
acid and α-L-guluronic acid.
 Besides its production by brown algae, it is only
produced by the two bacterial genera Pseudomonas and
Azotobacter.
 Bacterial alginates are more and more considered for the
production of micro- or nanostructures suitable for
medical applications.
DEXTRAN
 Dextran is a highly value added polysaccharide
obtained by fermentation of sucrose by
Lactobacillus strain specifically Leuconostoc
mesenteroides.

 Dextran is a high molecular mass polymer (107 to


108 Da) and composed of a linear chain of glucosyl
residues all linked through α (1→6) glucosidic bond

 α (1→2), α (1→3), or α (1→4) branched linkages.


 Dextran has found applications in various
pharmaceutical, foods, cosmetic, agricultural and
photographic industries and as well as in mining.

 Specified standard molecular weight fractions of


dextran are used in medicine, flocculation,
stabilization, lypholization, freeze-drying,
protective colloids in blood-expanders, and in
cosmetic ingredients formulation.

 Crossed linked dextrans are widely used in


research and industries for separation of various
products.
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 High molecular weight dextran can be used for
secondary petroleum recovery, oil drilling mud,
stabilization of soil aggregates and protective
coating for seeds.

 Low molecular weight dextran is used in the


pharmaceutical industry as blood plasma extender,
blood flow improver and raw material for medicine
as iron-dextran (used in treatments of anaemia in
humans and animals) and dextran sulphate (used
as anticoagulant).

17
THANK YOU

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