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Chapter 2

This document summarizes modern wireless communication systems including 2G cellular networks, 3G networks, wireless local loop systems, wireless local area networks, and Bluetooth personal area networks. 2G digital cellular standards used TDMA and CDMA and offered increased spectrum efficiency over 1G analog networks. 2.5G standards allowed 2G networks to support faster Internet data. 3G networks promise multi-megabit access for voice, data, and Internet applications. Wireless local loop and local multipoint distribution systems provide "last mile" broadband access using fixed wireless links. Wireless LANs operate using IEEE 802.11 standards and Bluetooth enables wireless connectivity between devices within 10 meters.

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100 views

Chapter 2

This document summarizes modern wireless communication systems including 2G cellular networks, 3G networks, wireless local loop systems, wireless local area networks, and Bluetooth personal area networks. 2G digital cellular standards used TDMA and CDMA and offered increased spectrum efficiency over 1G analog networks. 2.5G standards allowed 2G networks to support faster Internet data. 3G networks promise multi-megabit access for voice, data, and Internet applications. Wireless local loop and local multipoint distribution systems provide "last mile" broadband access using fixed wireless links. Wireless LANs operate using IEEE 802.11 standards and Bluetooth enables wireless connectivity between devices within 10 meters.

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anon_494993240
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 2

Modern Wireless
Communication Systems
Sections
2.1. Second Generation (2G) Cellular Networks
2.2. Third Generation (3G) Wireless Networks
2.3. Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and LMDS
(Local Multipoint Distribution System)
2.4. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)
2.5. Bluetooth and Personal Area Networks
(PANs)
2.1. Second Generation (2G) Cellular Networks

 Since the mid 1990s the Cellular communications industry


has witnessed explosive growth.
 In late 2001 throughout the world around 600 million
users subscribe mobile service.
 Most of today’s ubiquitous cellular networks use 2G
technologies.
 First generation cellular networks relied on FDMA/FDD
and analog FM.
 2G standards use digital modulation formats and
TDMA/FDD and CDMA /FDD multiple access
techniques.
Cont…
 2Gs
1. GSM
2. IS-136- NADC(USDC)
3. PDC
4. CDMA (IS-95)
 Today many wireless service providers use both 1G
and 2G equipments in major markets.
 2G technologies offer atleast 3-times increase in
spectrum efficiency (3-time increase in overall system
capacity) as compared to 1G.
Evolution to 2.5 G mobile Radio Networks
 2G digital standards were designed before the
widespread use of the Internet.
 2G technologies use circuit-switched data modems
that limit data users to a single circuit-switched voice
channel.
 2.5G – is the new data-centric standards that can be
overlaid upon existing 2G standards for compatibility
with increased throughput data rates that are required
to support modern Internet applications.
Cont…
 2.5G standards have been developed to allow each of the major 2G
technologies (GSM, CDMA, and IS-136) to be upgraded
incrementally for faster Internet data rates.
 2.5Gs
1. HSCSD – high speed circuit switched data
2. GPRS – general packet radio service
3. EDGE – enhanced data rate for GSM evolution
4. IS-95B
 The following figure shows various upgrade paths for 2G
technologies.
Cont…
2.2. Third Generation (3G) Wireless Networks

 3G systems promise unparalleled wireless access in


ways that have never been possible before.
 Advantages
 Multi-megabit Internet access
 Voice over IP (VoIP)
 Voice-activated calls
 supreme network capacity
 Ubiquitous access
Cont…
 3G technologies
1. W-CDMA (UMTS) –universal mobile
telecommunications system
2. Cdma2000
3. TD-SCDMA-Time division synchronous
CDMA
2.3. Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and LMDS (Local
Multipoint Distribution System)
 The rapid growth of the Internet has created a
concurrent demand for broadband Internet and access
from business and homes throughout the world.
 In developing nations where there is inadequate
telecommunications backbone infrastructure , there is
a tremendous need for inexpensive, reliable, rapidly
deployable broadband connectivity.
 VoIP become prevalent, it is quit conceivable that a
single broadband Internet connection could provide all
of the needed telecommunications services: telephone,
television, radio, fax, and Internet.
Cont…
 Fixed wireless equipment is extremely well suited for
rapidly deploying a broadband connection in many
instances.
 The approach is steadily becoming more popular for
providing “last mile” broadband local loop access.
 Fixed wireless communication systems are able to take
advantage of the very well-defined, time-invariant
nature of the propagation channel between the fixed
transmitter and fixed receiver.
 Modern fixed wireless systems are usually assigned
microwave radio frequencies.
Cont…
 Microwave wireless links can be used to create a
wireless local loop (WLL).
 The local loop is the “last mile” of the
telecommunication network that resides
between the central office and the individual
homes and business in close proximity to the
central office.
 The figure below shows WLL
Cont…
2.4. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)
 Supporting low-power license-free spread spectrum data
communication.
 The allocation is called the unlicensed national information
infrastructure band.
 The IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN working group was founded in
1987.
 IEEE 802.11 begin standardization of spread spectrum of
WLANs.
 Laptop computers finally caused WLAN to become an
important and rapidly growing segment of modern wireless
communications.
 IEEE 802.11 finally standardized in 1997.
2.5. Bluetooth and Personal Area Networks (PANs)
 With an invisible, lower power, short-range, wireless
connection, would provide convenience and flexibility.
 Wireless connectivity would allow the ability to move
equipment throughout an office and collaborative
communication between individual, appliances and
environment.
 Bluetooth is an open standard that has been embraced
by over 1,000 manufacturers.
 Bluetooth provides an ad-hoc approach for enabling
various devices to communicate with one another
within a nominal 10 meter range.
Cont…
 The figure below shows examples of PAN provided by the blue tooth standard.
Summary
 2G Cellular Networks
 2.5G Cellular Networks
 3G Cellular Networks
 Wireless Local Loop
 Wireless Local Area Networks
 Bluetooth and Personal Area Networks

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