The Effectiveness of Using

Picture Word Inductive

Writing is important for English learners to transfer information and ideas. Siahan
(2007:215) clarify that writing is a physiological activity of the language user to put
information in the written text. In writing, we need to think abroad about the ideas and also
the choice words”. It means that in writing information is desired to write a text, but usually
students find problems in their writing. Based on the issue above, the teacher can use
interesting models to solve students’ problem in writing. One of the models that can be used is
picture word inductive model (PWIM). PWIM was originally designed by Calhoun (1999).
Calhoun (1999:21), “Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) is a model of teaching that uses picture and
words containing familiar objects and designed to capitalize on children’s ability to think inductively”. The
effective strategy in teaching writing will help the students in their writing activity and solve their problem in
writing paragraphs. By using Pictures Word Inductive Model (PWIM) the students use their ability to think
and generalize from the pictures and words and let the students in generation the title and paragraph based on
the pictures and words that already listed in the pictures.
Some studies prove that the use of Picture Word Inductive Model is effective in teaching descriptive text writing
(Devi Suraya, 2017). It is also reinforced by Natalia Mona Monika, Clarry Sada, Wardah (2016), that teaching
writing descriptive text using Picture Word Inductive Model gives a strong significant effect to improve
students’ writing achievement. This model also helped students to enlarge their vocabulary and also discover
phonetic and structural form that present in those words (Fitri Novia, 2015).
B. Research Problem

From the background of the issue explained above, this research is primarily focused on “Is the Picture Word

Inductive Model is effective in teaching writing for Junior High School students?”

C. Research Objectives

Based on relation between background of the study and the problem statement, the objective is as follow: “To
know the effectiveness of using Picture Word Inductive Model in teaching writing for Junior High School students.”
D. Research Hypothesis

Based on the objective the study, the researcher build the hypothesis to make the purpose
clear. The hypothesis are:

1. Null Hypothesis (Ho) = There is not any significant difference on writing between
students taught by PWIM technique and students taught by using Mind Mapping.

2. The alternative Hypothesis (Hi) = There is significant difference on writing between

Primarily, the aim of this research is to explore the use Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM)
in teaching writing for Junior High School Students. Moreover, since this research is about the
effectiveness of using Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) in teaching writing for Junior High
School students, the focus is on the significance of using Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) in
teaching descriptive text for seven grade of Junior High School students.
A. Writing

• The Importance of writing

Harmer (2004:31) states that writing can encourages students to focus on accurate
language use, because what they think as they write will incite the students’ language
development as they resolve the problem. Writing also develops students willing to create
meaningful sentences is how teachers can encourage students what they should write
first. Writing should be mastered by students because it is used by students to increase
their language mastery.
C. Descriptive Text

Mark & Anderson (2003) say that description specifically to describe a

Calhoun (1999:25) affirms that in PWIM strategy, the students are presented with pictures of
sequential pictures. Then, they shake out the words from the picture by identifying the
objects, actions, and qualities they distinguish in the picture. The teacher helps them to draw a
line from the object to the surrounding board and writes the description of the object. Besides,
Picture Word Inductive Model also develops on the listening and speaking vocabularies of the
students.
E. Mind Mapping

Mind Mapping is a simple technique for drawing information in diagrams, instead of writing it in
sentences. It is a tool that helps students recalling and creating new ideas when they want to write. In other
words based on Tony Buzan (2008:20), Mind Mapping defines as a highly effective way of getting
information in and out of your brain. Mind Mapping using colours and picture to help use your imagine and
your way to draw mind map, with the words or the pictures that in a lines or branches will help your memory
to make association. The disadvantages of mind mapping are such as, mind mapping needs a lot of time in
organization, mind mapping has difficulties to allocate the time, mind mapping needs many times to find an
effective keyword.
F. Teaching Writing Descriptive Text through
Picture Word Inductive Model for Junior High
School Students
Teacher’s Activities Students’ Activities
Explaining about descriptive text (social function, Listening and paying attention to teacher’s
generic structure, and language features: past explanation.
tense).
Giving a descriptive text to students. Identifying generic structures and
language features of the text given by the
teacher and discussing the content of the
text.

Give picture. Look and observe the picture given.

Asking students to identify characteristic object Identifying object in the picture and write
based on the picture and write the words the words identified in the word chart.
identified in the word chart.
Asking students to create a title. Creating the appropriate title.
Asking students to generate the words that Generating words into paragraph.
available in the word chart into paragraph.

Asking students to review their paragraph. Reviewing the paragraph.

A. Research Design

The design of this research is quantitative research. According to the Creswell (2003) researcher primarily
uses post-positivist approach to develop knowledge when quantitative research is selected (i.e cause and effect
thinking, use of measurement and observations, and test of theories), employs strategies of inquiry such as
experiments and surveys, and collects data on predetermined instruments that yield statistical data. In this study, the
researcher used quasi - experimental method to investigate the effectiveness of using PWIM. A quasi-experimental
will use because the researcher will not randomly assign subjects to experimental treatments for a study. The
researcher use pre-test and post-test design. Before conducting the research, the two classes are given pre-test and
post-test at the end of the research. Then the result of the test made a judgment about the effect of the treatment.
 B. Variable

1. Independent Variable

According to Creswell (2012:116) an independent variable is an element or characteristic that influences or affects an outcome or dependent
variable. Independent variable is the cause of other variable. An independent variable is assumed to affect (at least partly cause) or some how
influence at least one other variable. Based on the definition above, the independent variable of this research is the use of PWIM strategy.

2. Dependent variable

Creswell (2012:115) affirms that a dependent variable is an attribute or characteristic that is dependent on or influenced by the independent
variable. This is the effect of independent variable. This variable is not manipulated by the researcher, but it is affected by the independent variable.
In this research, the dependent variable is the students’ writing text.

3. Extraneous variable

Extraneous variables are all variables, which are not the independent variable, but could affect the results of the experiment. A basic problem in
research is that there are many possible independent variables that could have an effect on the dependent variables. Once researchers have
decided which variables to study, they must be concerned about the influence or effect of other variables that exist. Such variables are usually
called extraneous variables. The task is to control these extraneous variables somehow to eliminate or minimize their effect.
 C. Population and Sample

1. Population

According to Arikunto (2006:108) “a population is a set (or collection) of all elements possessing one or more attribute of interest.”
According to the explanation above a population is the whole of subject used by the researcher. In this research, researcher choose
the students of seven class in junior high school, because the material of descriptive text is already in the core competences of
curriculum 2013 in there.

2. Sample

Selected of the sample is an important step in conduct a research study. According to Arikunto (2006:109), a sample is a part of
population in representative of it. Based on Ary (2002:163), a sample is a person of population. Its mean that a good sample must be
representative of the entire as possible, so that generalization of the sample as true as population. The sample of this research will be
divided into two groups, one group is students that will be an experimental group which will educate by using PWIM strategy, while the
other group is students that will be as control group which will be taught by using mind maps.
D. Research Instrument

The instrument of this research is test. Test is a set of question and exercises used to
measure the achievement or capacity of the individual. In order to discover how students are
thinking are using the target language (English). The researcher used three steps of research:
pre-test, treatment, post-test. After constructing the instruments, the researcher will try the
pre-test and post-test. Try out test is for validity and reliability will be conducted in class. The
technique of test is essay or writing test.
E. Data Collection

Data is the important point in a research. In collecting the data for this
research, the researcher uses the instrument. Based on Sugiyono (2006:148)
instrument is a device that is used to measure the natural and social
phenomena are observed. In this research, the writer use test as the
technique of collecting data. Brown (2003:3) states that a test is a technique
of measuring a person’s ability, knowledge or performance in a given
domain. Hence, test is useful to help the teacher to measure the students
learning process.
F. Data Analysis

Data analysis is a process in analyzing data after the data are collecting. It is done
after the data obtained from the score test. The score of experimental and control groups
will be calculate by using procedure of ANCOVA because the sample of the research is
not taken randomly and the instrument used is test. In this case, Analysis of Covariance
(ANCOVA) is done by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) 21 program.