COMPUTERS

• Machine that can be programmed to

COMPUTER process data (input) into useful
information (output)
• Electronic data processing machine
capable of performing mathematical
and logical operations accurately and
processing large volumes of data at high
speeds
• Process data according to a list of
internally stored instructions called
program
• It requires four main aspects of data
handling-input, processing, output and
storage
• Has the ability to handle large volumes
of repetitive tasks accurately over long
period of time
• It can also communicate with its
operators and with other machines
 1. ENIAC
Early Developed • Electronic Numerical Integrator
Computers and Computer
• The First True General Purpose
Computer
• Vacuum Tube Operated
Computer
• Developed by William Mauchly
and J. Presper Eckert in 1943

2. EDVAC
• Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer
• The First Stored Computer Program
• The Design was proposed by Mauchly
and Eckhart and usable in 1952
 3. EDSAC
Early Developed • Electronic Delay Storage Automatic
Computers Calculator
• Makes use of one of the first
assemblers known as the “Initial
Orders”
• Performed its very first calculation in
May, 1949

4. UNIVAC
• Universal Automatic Computer
• The First commercially available
computer for business application
which is based on ENIAC design
 1. According to Design
Classifications a. General Purpose
• performs variety of operations
• versatile enough to process
diversified tasks
b. Special Purpose
• Performs Specific Operations
• Example is Automatic
Tire Alignment
2. According to Application
a. Scientific
• Small volumes of data
• Performs complex calculations
using sophisticated formulas
b. Business
• Large volumes of data and
involve simpler calculations
Classifications
3. According to Size
a. Microcomputers
• Often referred to as “personal computers”
• Normally used by one person at a time
• Can be used independently or as a terminal device

Types of Microcomputers

Tower Case Desktop Laptop

Classifications
3. According to Size
b. Minicomputers
• May refer to LAN server
• Widely used in retail businesses
• Supports 2 to 50 computers

c. Mainframe Computers
• Capable of processing data at very
high speeds-millions of instructions
per second and have an access to
billions of characters
• Principal use is for processing vast
amounts of data quickly
• Usually used as a server for bank’s
ATM
Classifications
3. According to Size
d. Supercomputers
• Largest and most powerful computer
• Process billions of instructions per second
• Its customers may involve agencies in the federal government
• Require for mammoth data manipulation of worldwide
weather forecasting and weapons research
• Typically house in special rooms
Parts of the Computer System
1. Hardware
a. Input Devices
• Interface or group of interface where people talk to the computer

Keyboard
• The keys on the computer
keyboard are arranged in much
the same way as those on the
typewriter

Mouse
• Device that looks like a little bit like a
mouse
• Those with ball inside is rolled on a flat
surface usually the desk on which the
computer sits with the rolling movement
causes a corresponding movement on the
screen through the pointer or cursor
Parts of the Computer System
Scanner
Device that uses a light source to read text
and images directly to the computer
1. Flatbed
• Looks and behave like a photocopier
• You lay the item to be scanned on a glass
plate and the scanning head passes
below the glass
2. Sheetfed
• Looks and acts like a fax machine
• The page or item is fed into the machine
scanned, then spit out on the other end
3. Hand
• Low cost alternative
• Manual device you move over a flat
surface just as you do with your PC’s
mouse
Parts of the Computer System
Bar Code Reader
• Device that uses a laser beam or reflected
light to read special letters, numbers or
symbols of Universal Product Codes (UPC)
and other types of Bar Codes

Touch Screens
• Input directly from the source with
human simply point to a selection in
the screen
Parts of the Computer System
b. Output Devices
• Device that give out information coming from the computer
• Devices where computer interacts with the user

Monitor/Screen
• Indispensable output device similar to a
television
• CRT Screen uses technology called raster-
scan technology
• Computer display screen that can be used
for graphics is divided into dots called
addressable because they can be addressed
individually by the graphics software
• Color screen standards include CGA (Color
Graphics Adapter) with 320 x 200 pixels,
sharper EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter)
with 640 x 350 pixels. VGA (Video Graphics
Array ) has 640 x 480 pixels and SVGA
(Super VGA) offers 800 x 600 pixels
Parts of the Computer System
Printers
• Device that produces printed paper output, known in the
computer industry as hard copy because it is tangible and Dot Matrix
permanent
1. Impact Printer
• Use some sort of physical contact with the paper to
produce an image, physically striking paper, ribbon and
print hammer together
• Dot Matrix is an example which uses print head to strike
an inked ribbon against paper like a typewriter creating
characters out of series of dots Laser
• High quality impact printers print only one character at a
time.
2. Non Impact Printers
Places an image without physically touching the page
Laser Printers use light beam to help transfer images to
paper producing extremely high quality results and also it
combines a magnetic roller with powered ink called toner Inkjet
to transfer high quality characters or image onto the
papers
Ink Jet Printers by spraying ink from the multiple jet
nozzles can print black and white and several different
colors of ink to produce excellent graphics

Others
Include speakers and other peripherals