Different generation of Computer system.

Concept of PC, Laptop, workstation, Server, Super Computer

P R E S E N T E D B Y:
SUDESHNA SANPUI
LECTURER, DCST
DAT E : 3 0 / 0 7 / 2 0 1 9
Computer Generations:

Computer generations are based on when major technological changes

in computers occurred, like the use of vacuum tubes, transistors, and
the microprocessor. Up to 2019, there are five generations of the
computer.
First Generation (1940 - 1956)
 Vacuum tube technology
 Unreliable
 Supported Machine language
only
 Very costly
 Generate lot of heat
 Slow Input/Output device
 Huge size
 Need of A.C.
 Non portable
 Consumed lot of electricity
 Batch processing operating  Some examples are
system used. ENIAC
EDVAC
 Paper tape, Magnetic tape
UNIVAC
Input & Output device were
IBM-701
used.
IBM-650
Examples of First Generation Computer

A UNIVAC computer at the Census

Bureau.
The UNIVAC was the first
A ENIVAC computer commercial computer delivered to a
business client, the U.S. Census
Bureau in 1951.
Second generation (1956 - 1963)
 Use of transistors
 Reliable as compared to First
generation computers
 Smaller size as compared to First
generation computers
 Generate less heat as compared to First
generation computers
 Consumed less electricity as compared
to First generation computers
 Faster than first generation computers
 Still very costly
 A.C. Needed  Some examples are
 Support machine and assembly IBM 1620
languages
IBM 7094
 Batch processing and
Multiprogramming Operating system CDC 1604
used. CDC 3600
UNIVAC 1108
Examples of Second Generation Computer
This IBM 1620 computer dates
to March 1961. It was used to
provide Education and
research in the field of
computer science.

Programs could be Imputed

through Punched cards, paper
tape and keyboard, however
this particular unit does not
have a card reader.

Output via paper tape and

printer. It used a variable
word length decimal, as
opposed to fixed word length
in binary.
Third generation (1964 - 1971)
 IC used
 More reliable
 Smaller size
 Generate less heat
 Faster
 Lesser maintenance
 Still costly
 A.C needed
 Consumed lesser electricity
 Support high level language(FORTRAN-II
TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC,
ALGOL-68 etc.)
 Remote processing, Time-sharing, Real-  Some examples are
time, Multi-programming Operating
System were used.
 Concept of Cache memory, virtual IBM-360 series
memory, bus and data communication. Honeywell-6000 series
PDP(Personal Data Processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316
Examples of Third Generation Computer

IBM mainframes are large

computer systems produced
by IBM since 1952. During the
1960s and 1970s, IBM
dominated the large computer
market. Current mainframe
computer in IBM's line of
business computers are
developments of the basic
design of the IBM System/360.
IBM System/360 Model 30 CPU
Fourth generation (1972 - 2010)
 VLSI technology used
 Very cheap
 Portable and reliable
 Use of PC's
 Very small size
 Pipeline processing
 No A.C. needed
 Concept of internet was  Some examples are
introduced DEC 10
 Great developments in the fields STAR 1000
of networks PDP 11
 Computers became easily CRAY-1(Super Computer)
available CRAY-X-MP(Super
Computer)
Examples of Fourth Generation Computer

A Fourth Generation PC

The Cray-1 Supercomputer (Seymour Cray-

The designer)

Featuring a central column surrounded by a

padded, circular seat, the Cray-1 looked like no
other computer. And performed like no other
DEC 10, PDP series
computer. It reigned as the world’s fastest from
1976 to 1982.
Fifth generation (2010 to present)
 ULSI technology
 Development of true artificial
intelligence
 Development of Natural
language processing
 Advancement in Parallel
Processing
 Advancement in
Superconductor technology  Some examples are
 More user friendly interfaces
with multimedia features Desktop
 Availability of very powerful and Laptop
compact computers at cheaper NoteBook
rates UltraBook
Examples of Fifth Generation Computer
Types of Computer
Computers can be broadly classified by their speed and
computing power.
 PC (Personal Computer)[aka Microcomputers]
 Workstation
 Mini Computer
 Main Frame
 Supercomputer
Personal Computer
A PC can be defined as a
 Small size
 Relatively inexpensive computer
.
 designed for an individual user.
 Microprocessor technology
 entire CPU on one chip.
 In Businesses use personal
computers for word processing,
accounting, desktop publishing,
and for running spreadsheet and
database management
applications.
 At home, the most popular use
for personal computers is playing
games and surfing the Internet.
 Dell Workstation Computer
Workstation
 Workstation is a computer used for
engineering applications
(CAD/CAM), desktop publishing,
software development, and other
such types of applications which
require a moderate amount of
computing power and relatively
high quality graphics capabilities.
 Large, high-resolution graphics
screen,
 Large amount of RAM,
 Inbuilt network support
 A graphical user interface.
 Mass storage device such as a disk
drive,
 Common operating systems for
workstations are UNIX and
Windows NT.
 Like PC, workstations are also
single-user computers like PC but
are typically linked together to
form a local-area network, although
they can also be used as stand-
alone systems.
Minicomputer
 Minicomputers are used for
scientific and engineering
computations.
 Business-transaction processing,
file handling, and database
management.
 Often now referred to as small or
midsize servers.
 It is a midsize multi-processing
system capable of supporting up
to 250 users simultaneously.
 Size is like a refrigerator
Main Frame Computer
 Very large in size
 An expensive computer
 Capable of supporting
hundreds or even thousands
of users simultaneously.
 Multiprocessing
 Multiprogramming
 Mostly used by corporations,
government agencies, and
banks – organizations that
need a way to store large
quantities of information.
 Processing speed measured in
MIPS
Supercomputers
 Fastest computers currently
available.
 Very expensive .
 Used for specialized
applications that require
immense amount of
mathematical calculations
(number crunching).
 Like: weather forecasting,
scientific simulations,
(animated) graphics, fluid
dynamic calculations,
nuclear energy research,
electronic design, and
analysis of geological data
(e.g. in petrochemical
prospecting).
Some other examples of Computers:
 Laptops
 Notebooks
 Tablets
 Handheld game console
 Calculators
 Portable media players
 Cellphones and smartphones
Questionnaire
 What is the difference between Mainframe computer
and Supercomputers?
 What is the difference between PC and workstations?
 In which generation of computer we find the concept
of Cache memory?
 Name some High Level Languages supported by 3rd
generation of computers.
 What is the difference between Microcomputer and
Minicomputer?