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Discrete Probability Distribution

Discrete probability distributions describe outcomes of experiments that can result in only integer values. The probability mass function defines the probability of each possible outcome. The mean and variance are used to summarize a discrete probability distribution, with the mean representing the central tendency and the variance representing the variability or dispersion of possible outcomes.

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Roger
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38 views

Discrete Probability Distribution

Discrete probability distributions describe outcomes of experiments that can result in only integer values. The probability mass function defines the probability of each possible outcome. The mean and variance are used to summarize a discrete probability distribution, with the mean representing the central tendency and the variance representing the variability or dispersion of possible outcomes.

Uploaded by

Roger
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discrete Probability

Distribution
• Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distribution
• Cumulative Distribution Functions
• Mean, Variance and Standard Deviations
Discrete Random Variable
Discrete Random Variables
• A voice communication system for a business contains 48 external
lines.
• At a particular time, the system is observed, and some of the lines are
being used.
• Let the random variable X denote the number of lines in use.
• Then X can assume any of the integer values 0 through 48.
• When the system is observed, if 10 lines are in use, x = 10.
Discrete Random Variable and Probability
Distribution
• There are three cameras to be tested if their time to recharge will
pass or fail to a certain specification. Supposed that we interested on
the number of cameras which passes the test.
• Tabulate all the possible outcomes of the experiment.
Example
Discrete Random Variable and Probability
Distribution
• Supposed that the probability that a camera passes the test is 0.8,
and the cameras perform independently.
• The probability that the first and second cameras pass the test and
the third one fails, denoted as ppf, is
Example
Probability Mass Function
Probability Mass Function
Probability Mass Function
Cumulative Distribution Functions
• An alternate method for describing a random variable’s probability
distribution is with cumulative probabilities such as P(X ≤ x).
Cumulative Distribution Functions
Probability Mass Function
Probability Mass Function
Mean and Variance and Standard Deviation
• Two numbers are often used to summarize a probability distribution
for a random variable X.
• The mean is a measure of the center or middle of the probability
distribution.
• The variance is a measure of the dispersion, or variability in the
distribution.
Mean or Expected Value

• The mean of a discrete random variable X is a weighted average of


the possible values of X with weights equal to the probabilities.
Mean or Expected value
• If f (x) is the probability mass function of a loading on a long, thin
beam, E(X) is the point at which the beam balances. Consequently,
E(X) describes the “center” of the distribution of X in a manner similar
to the balance point of a loading.
Example
• There is a chance that a bit transmitted through a digital transmission
channel is received in error. Let X equal the number of bits in error in
the next four bits transmitted. The possible values for X are {0, 1, 2, 3,
4}. Suppose that the probabilities are
Example
Variance and Standard Deviation

• The variance of a random variable X is a measure of dispersion or


scatter in the possible values for X.
Example
• There is a chance that a bit transmitted through a digital transmission
channel is received in error. Let X equal the number of bits in error in
the next four bits transmitted. The possible values for X are {0, 1, 2, 3,
4}. Suppose that the probabilities are

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