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STORM

This document discusses different types of storms, including their formation and characteristics. It describes convection storms which form due to rising warm, moist air. Orographic storms occur when air is forced over rising terrain which cools it and causes precipitation. Cyclonic storms have circular wind patterns rotating around a low pressure center. Tropical storms specifically form over warm ocean waters and derive energy from evaporation and condensation. The document provides details on storm formation, types such as convective, orographic and cyclonic storms, and tropical storms in particular.

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amir raza
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143 views

STORM

This document discusses different types of storms, including their formation and characteristics. It describes convection storms which form due to rising warm, moist air. Orographic storms occur when air is forced over rising terrain which cools it and causes precipitation. Cyclonic storms have circular wind patterns rotating around a low pressure center. Tropical storms specifically form over warm ocean waters and derive energy from evaporation and condensation. The document provides details on storm formation, types such as convective, orographic and cyclonic storms, and tropical storms in particular.

Uploaded by

amir raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STORM

A storm is any disturbed state of an environment or


astronomical body's atmosphere especially affecting its
surface, and strongly implying severe weather. It may be
marked by significant disruptions to normal conditions such as

strong wind, hail, thunder and lightning(a thunderstorm),


heavy precipitation (snowstorm, rainstorm), heavy freezing
rain (ice storm), strong winds (tropical cyclone, windstorm), or
wind transporting some substance through the atmosphere as
in a dust storm, blizzard, sandstorm
FORMATION
The warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the
surface. Because this air moves up and away from the surface,
there is less air left near the surface. Another way to say the
same thing is that the warm air rises, causing an area of lower
air pressure below.
Air from surrounding areas with higher air pressure pushes in to
the low pressure area. Then that "new" air becomes warm and
moist and rises, too. As the warm air continues to rise, the
surrounding air swirls in to take its place. As the warmed, moist
air rises and cools off, the water in the air forms clouds. The
whole system of clouds and wind spins and grows, fed by the
ocean's heat and water evaporating from the surface.
TYPES
CONVECTIVE
STORMS
CONVECTION

Convection is heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air


or water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the
source of heat, carrying energy with it. Convection above a hot
surface occurs because hot air expands, becomes less dense, and
rises.
OROGRAPHIC
STORMS
OROGRAPHIC LIFT

Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low


elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. As
the air mass gains altitude it quickly cools down adiabatically, which
can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds and,
under the right conditions, precipitation.
Orographic precipitation, rain, snow, or other precipitation
produced when moist air is lifted as it moves over a
mountain range. As the air rises and cools, orographic clouds
form and serve as the source of the precipitation, most of
which falls upwind of the mountain ridge. Some also falls a
short distance downwind of the ridge and is sometimes
called spillover. On the lee side of the mountain range,
rainfall is usually low, and the area is said to be in a rain
shadow. Very heavy precipitation typically occurs upwind of
a prominent mountain range that is oriented across a
prevailing wind from a warm ocean.
CYCLONIC
STORMS
In meteorology, a cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion
rotating in the same direction as the Earth. This is usually characterized
by inward spiraling winds that rotate counterclockwise in the Northern
Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere of the Earth.
Most large-scale cyclonic circulations are centered on areas of low
atmospheric pressure
A cyclone's center (often known in a mature tropical cyclone as the eye),
is the area of lowest atmospheric pressure in the region. Near the
center, the pressure gradient force (from the pressure in the center of
the cyclone compared to the pressure outside the cyclone) and the force
from the Coriolis effect must be in an approximate balance, or the
cyclone would collapse on itself as a result of the difference in pressure.
TROPICAL
STORMS
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by
a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of
thunderstorms that produce heavy rain. Depending on its location and
strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by names such as hurricane,
typhoon tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, and
simply cyclone.

Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm


water. They derive their energy through the evaporation of water
from the ocean surface, which ultimately recondenses into clouds and
rain when moist air rises and cools to saturation.
THE
END

THANK YOU

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