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Integrated Computer Applications

This document discusses key concepts related to integrated computer applications and database design. It provides an overview of the system development life cycle (SDLC) and database life cycle (DBLC). It describes the components of an information system and how systems are analyzed, designed, implemented, and maintained through the SDLC phases. It also covers database concepts like data modeling, business rules, normalization, and centralized vs decentralized database design strategies.

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55 views28 pages

Integrated Computer Applications

This document discusses key concepts related to integrated computer applications and database design. It provides an overview of the system development life cycle (SDLC) and database life cycle (DBLC). It describes the components of an information system and how systems are analyzed, designed, implemented, and maintained through the SDLC phases. It also covers database concepts like data modeling, business rules, normalization, and centralized vs decentralized database design strategies.

Uploaded by

narmada26
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIS440

Integrated Computer Applications


Overview
• Plan, design, develop, test, implement and
document a customized solution to business
problems as set forth in an in-depth,
comprehensive business case.
System Development Life Cycle
Objectives
• Explain the SDLC
• Discuss the DBLC
• Create relationships
between entities
• Describe business rules
Database
• Organized collection of related data
• Can be manual or computerized
• Terminology
• Data – raw facts
• Information – data presented in a usable manner, including
interpretation

• Part of an information system


The Information System
– provides the conditions for data collection, storage,
and retrieval
– facilitates the transformation of data into information
– provides management of both data and information.

Components of an information system


-People -Hardware
-Software -Database(s)
-Procedures -Application programs
The Information System
System analysis
– process that establishes the need for and the extent of an IS.

Systems Development
– process of creating an IS.

Applications
– transforms data into information.
– composed of two parts: the data and the code.
Generating Information
for Decision Making
The Systems Development Life
Cycle
• Traces the history (life cycle) of an IS.
• Five phases of SDLC:
– Planning
– Analysis
– Detailed Systems Design
– Implementation
– Maintenance
Planning
• Overview of company and its objectives
• Questions to ask
– Should the existing system be continued?
– Should the existing system be modified?
– Should the existing system be replaced?
• Feasibility study
– Hardware and software requirements
– System cost
Analysis
• Audit user requirements
– What are the precise requirements of the
current system's end users?
– Do those requirements fit into the overall
information requirements?
• Define the logical system
• Data flow diagrams (DFD)
• ER diagrams
Detailed System Design
• Design of system's processes
• Technical specifications for
– Screens
– Menus
– Reports
• Conversion from old system to new system
Implementation
• Hardware, DBMS software, application
programs, etc. are installed
• Database design is implemented
• Actual database is created and customized
• Convert data from legacy system
• Testing the system
• Takes 50-60% of total development time
Maintenance
• Corrective maintenance in response to
system errors
• Adaptive maintenance due to changes in the
business environment
• Perfective maintenance to enhance the
system
Tools to Assist with SDLC
• CASE
– Computer-Assisted Systems Engineering
– System Architect
– Visio
– Cheaper to update and maintain using CASE
tools
SDLC Diagram
Database Life Cycle (DBLC)
Conceptual Design
• Data modeling is used to create an abstract database
• Minimal data rule
– All that is needed is there, and all that is there is needed
• GIGO
– Garbage in garbage out

• Business rules describe the main and distinguishing


characteristics of the data as viewed by the company.
• The collection of data is meaningful only when
business rules are defined
Business Rules
• A customer may make many payments on account
• Each payment on account is credited to only one customer
• A machine operator may not work more than 10 hours in
any 24-hour period
• A business trip destination must be at least 200 miles away
for an airline ticket to be purchased
• A training session cannot be scheduled for fewer than 10
people or for more than 30 people
• A customer may generate many invoices
• Each invoice is generated by only one customer.
Benefits of Business Rules
• Standardize the company's view of data
• Constitute a communications tool between users
and designers
• Allow the designer to understand the nature, role,
and scope of the data
• Allow the designer to understand the business
processes
• Allow the designer to develop appropriate
relationships and foreign key constraints
Using Business Rules
• Business rules can be used to:
– Define entities, attributes, primary keys, foreign
keys
– Draw ER diagram
– Normalize data
– Create data dictionary
– Create standard naming convention
Modules
• Database design is done in teams
• Design components as modules
– Delegate to design groups
– Simplify design work
– Prototype quickly
– Implement one or more modules to begin
serving end users for testing before entire
system is finished
DBMS Software Selection
• Cost
– Purchase, maintenance, operational, license, installation, training, and
conversion costs
• DBMS features and tools
– QBE (query by example)
– Report generations
– Ease of use and performance
• Underlying model
– Hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented
• Portability
– Across platforms, systems and languages
• DBMS hardware requirements
– Processor, RAM, disk space
A Special Note about Database Design
Strategies

Two Classical Approaches to Database


Design:
• Top-down design

• Bottom-up design
Centralized vs Decentralized
Design
• Two Different Database Design Philosophies:
– Centralized design
Decentralized design
Example User Problem
• The marketing manager says:
– I'm working with an antiquated filing system. We
manufacture more than 1700 specialty machine parts.
When a regular customer calls in, we can't get a very
quick inventory scan. If a new customer calls in, we
can't do a current parts search by using a simple
description, so we often do a machine setup for a part
that we have in inventory. That's wasteful. Besides,
some new customers get irritated if we can't give a
quick response.
Design
• Find precise answers about the relationships
between the business units
• Inventory query and input must be
improved
• Solution must stay within constraints of
time, budget, personnel, etc.
Key concepts
• Information system
• SDLC
• DBLC

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