Scribd
Upload
428 views

Speed Velocity and Acceleration

Speed is a measure of how fast an object moves and is calculated as distance traveled divided by time. Velocity includes both speed and direction of motion. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time and measures how speed changes. It is calculated as the change in velocity divided by the time taken for that change.

Uploaded by

Teacher Education
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
428 views

Speed Velocity and Acceleration

Speed is a measure of how fast an object moves and is calculated as distance traveled divided by time. Velocity includes both speed and direction of motion. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time and measures how speed changes. It is calculated as the change in velocity divided by the time taken for that change.

Uploaded by

Teacher Education
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Speed, velocity and

acceleration
1 Both Mr Rabbit and Mr Tortoise took
the same round trip, but Mr Rabbit
slept & returned later.
Who runs faster?
No, I travelled
Me, as I spent
more distance every
less time on the
second I ran.
trip.

Who is right?
2 Some kid is lost in the woods.

(a) If he walks at a speed of 4 km/hr,


try to locate his possible positions
on the map.
2 Some kid is lost in the woods.

(b) What else is important to find the kid?


The direction in which he has been walking.
Reference Points
All Motion is relative
• All motion is relative to a reference.
• This means that we describe motion of an
object relative to some other object
All Motion is relative
• In our environment, the reference for
motion is the earth’s surface, and speeds
are measured relative to the earth
• The earth moves at 107,000 km/h relative
to the sun
Calculating Motion and Speed
1 Speed
How can we describe how fast an object
moves?

E.g. A car on Beltway 8 travels 90 km in


1 hour.
We say that the car travels at a speed
of 90 km/hr.
1 Speed
How can we describe how fast an object moves?

Speed is a measure of how fast something


moves.
Speed = distance travelled per unit of time
SI unit: m/s or km/h (for long distances)
1 Speed

a Average speed
A car travels at 50 km/h,
slows down to 0 km/h,
and speeds up again to 60 km/.

Its average speed over the whole journey


overall distance travelled
=
total time of travel
Question 1
• A bug crawls 10 cm in 5 sec. What was
the bug’s approximate speed in cm/sec?
2 cm/sec
1 Speed

a Average speed

Average speed does not tell the


variations during the journey.

On most trips, the speed at any


instant is often different from the
average speed.
1 Speed

b Instantaneous speed
Instantaneous speed = speed at any instant

The word ‘speed’ alone  instantaneous


speed
Instantaneous speed
 distance travelled in an extremely short
time interval
1 Speed

b Instantaneous speed

Speedometer tells the car’s speed


at any instant!
Question 2
The world record for women’s 100-m
race is 10.49 s.
What is the average speed?
( 100 m )
Average speed =
10.49 s

= 9.53 m/s
Velocity
2 Velocity
Velocity is...

a speed in a given direction or


rate of change of displacement.

direction
velocity a vector
quantity
magnitude
(speed)
2 Velocity

a Speed with direction

Train engineers use


speed only.
speed = 90 km/h

Pilots use velocity


(direction & speed).
speed = 300 km/h
direction = west
2 Velocity

b Average velocity
overall displacement
Average velocity =
total time of travel

direction of overall
direction of velocity =
displacement
Question 3
• A student runs around a circular track that
is 1000m in length in a time of 30 min.
What is the average velocity of the
student?
0 m/min
If the student runs completely
around the track, they are back
where they began. So their overall
displacement is zero.
2 Velocity

c Instantaneous velocity
The velocity at any instant is called
instantaneous velocity.

If a car moves at a constant velocity...


… its average and instantaneous velocities
have the same value.
Question 4
• Which of these is a correct velocity?
A. 55 miles per hour
B. 15 kilometers per second
C. 30 meters per second east
D. 400,000,000 meters per hour
Acceleration
3 Acceleration
When an object
moves faster and
faster,

its speed is
increasing (velocity
changed).
3 Acceleration
When an object
moves slower and
slower,

its speed is decreasing


(velocity changed).
3 Acceleration
When an object
changes direction,
its velocity
changes too.
3 Acceleration
Acceleration measures the change in velocity

direction speed

Acceleration = velocity per unit time

overall change in velocity


=
total time taken

Unit: m/s/s = m/s2 vector quantity


3 Acceleration
If a car accelerates at 2 m s–2, what does that mean?

t=0 v=0
t = 1 s v = 2 m s–1,
v = 2 m s–1
1m
t = 2 s v = 4 m s–1,
v = 2 m s–1
3m
t=3s
v = 6 m s–1,
5m
v = 2 m s–1
Question 5
Tommy accelerates from 20
m/s at 15 sec (t1) to 40
m/s at 60 sec (t2).
What is his avg. acceleration between t1
and t2?
Avg. acceleration
40 m/s – 20 m/s 20 m/s
= =
60s – 15 s 45 s
= .44 m/s2

You might also like