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28 Pavement Design

This document discusses pavement design methods. It covers calculating the number of equivalent single axle loads (ESALs), and determining the required thickness of rigid and flexible pavements using the AASHTO design method. The method considers factors like traffic volumes, soil properties, drainage, materials used, and reliability. Rigid pavement is typically used for high traffic areas while flexible pavement is used for other applications. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided. Formulas and variables used in the flexible and rigid pavement thickness designs are outlined.

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226 views37 pages

28 Pavement Design

This document discusses pavement design methods. It covers calculating the number of equivalent single axle loads (ESALs), and determining the required thickness of rigid and flexible pavements using the AASHTO design method. The method considers factors like traffic volumes, soil properties, drainage, materials used, and reliability. Rigid pavement is typically used for high traffic areas while flexible pavement is used for other applications. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are provided. Formulas and variables used in the flexible and rigid pavement thickness designs are outlined.

Uploaded by

somesh2727
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pavement Design

CE 453 Lecture 28

1
Objectives
 Understand and complete ESAL
calculation
 Know variables involved in and be
able to calculate required thickness
of rigid and flexible pavements

2
AASHTO Pavement Design
Method Considerations
 Pavement Performance
 Traffic
 Roadbed Soil
 Materials of Construction
 Environment
 Drainage
 Reliability
 Life-Cycle Costs
 Shoulder Design
3
Two Categories of Roadway Pavements

 Rigid Pavement
 Flexible Pavement

Rigid Pavement Typical Applications


 High volume traffic lanes

 Freeway to freeway connections

 Exit ramps with heavy traffic

4
Advantages of Rigid Pavement

 Good durability
 Long service life
 Withstand repeated flooding and
subsurface water without deterioration

5
Disadvantages of Rigid Pavement

 May lose non-skid surface with time


 Needs even sub-grade with uniform
settling
 May fault at transverse joints
 Requires frequent joint maintenance

6
Flexible Pavement Typical
Applications
 Traffic lanes
 Auxiliary lanes
 Ramps
 Parking areas
 Frontage roads
 Shoulders

7
Advantages to Flexible Pavement

 Adjusts to limited differential


settlement
 Easily repaired
 Additional thickness added any time
 Non-skid properties do not deteriorate
 Quieter and smoother
 Tolerates a greater range of
temperatures
8
Disadvantages of Flexible Pavement

 Loses some flexibility and cohesion with


time
 Needs resurfacing sooner than PC
concrete
 Not normally chosen where water is
expected

9
Basic AASHTO Flexible
Pavement Design Method

 Determine the desired terminal


serviceability, pt
 Convert traffic volumes to number of
equivalent 18-kip single axle loads (ESAL)
 Determine the structural number, SN
 Determine the layer coefficients, ai
 Solve layer thickness equations for
individual layer thickness
10
Basic AASHTO Rigid Pavement
Design Method

 Select terminal serviceability


 Determine number of ESALs
 Determine the modulus of sub-grade
reaction
 Determine the slab thickness

11
Variables included in
Nomographs
 Reliability, R
• Incorporates a degree of certainty
into design process
• Ensures various design alternatives will
last the analysis period
 Resilient Modulus for Roadbed Soil,
MR
• Generally obtained from laboratory
testing
12
Variables included in
Nomographs
 Effective Modulus of Sub-Grade
Reaction, k
• Considers:
1. Sub-base type
2. Sub-base thickness
3. Loss of support
4. Depth to rigid foundation
 Drainage Coefficient, mi
• Use in layer thickness determination
• Applies only to base and sub-base
• See Tables 20.15 (flexible) and 21.9 (rigid)
13
14
15
Other Growth Rates
 Multiple payment compound amount
factor, with i = growth rate
 G = [(1+i)n-1]/i

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Flexible Pavement Design
 Pavement structure is a multi-layered elastic
system, material is characterized by certain
properties
 Modulus of elasticity
 Resilient modulus
 Poisson ratio
 Wheel load causes stress distribution (fig 20.2)
 Horizontal: tensile or compressive
 Vertical: maximum are compressive, decrease with
depth
 Temperature distribution: affects magnitude of
stresses
27
Components

Sub-grade (roadbed) course: natural material that serves as the


foundation of the pavement structure
Sub-base course: above the sub-grade, superior to sub-grade
course
Base course: above the sub base, granular materials such as
crushed stone, crushed or uncrushed slag, gravel, and sand
Surface course: upper course of the road pavement, should
withstand tire pressures, resistant to abrasive forces of traffic,
provide skid-resistant driving surface, prevent penetration of 28
surface water
Economic Analysis

• Different treatments results in


different designs
• Evaluate cost of different
alternatives

29
Sensitivity Analysis

• Input different values of traffic


volume
• Compare resulting differences in
pavement
• Fairly significant differences in ADT
do not yield equally significant
differences in pavement thickness

30
OTHER ISSUES
 Drainage
 Joints
 Grooving (noise vs. hydroplaning)
 Rumble strips
 Climate
 Level and type of usage

31
FAILURE EXAMPLES
 Primarily related to design or life-
cycle, not construction
 All images from Distress
Identification Manual for the Long-
Term Pavement Performance
Program, Publication No. FHWA-RD-
03-031, June 2003

32
FATIGUE CRACKING

33
RUTTING

34
SHOVING

35
PUMPING

36
EXAMPLES

 http://training.ce.washington.edu/ws
dot/modules/09_pavement_evaluati
on/09-7_body.htm
 http://training.ce.washington.edu/ws
dot/modules/09_pavement_evaluati
on/09-8_body.htm

37

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