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Generator Protection

- Generator protections include differential relays (87) to detect internal faults, lockout relays (86) to isolate faults and prevent reclosing, and high-speed tripping relays (94) to coordinate tripping of multiple breakers. - Class A protection trips all electrical protections within the generator for ~90% of trips. Class B trips on mechanical faults first before generator trip. Class C protects the system with generator on house load. - Differential relays compare currents on each side of the generator to detect internal faults not seen during normal operation.

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Farrukh Ilyas
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
182 views

Generator Protection

- Generator protections include differential relays (87) to detect internal faults, lockout relays (86) to isolate faults and prevent reclosing, and high-speed tripping relays (94) to coordinate tripping of multiple breakers. - Class A protection trips all electrical protections within the generator for ~90% of trips. Class B trips on mechanical faults first before generator trip. Class C protects the system with generator on house load. - Differential relays compare currents on each side of the generator to detect internal faults not seen during normal operation.

Uploaded by

Farrukh Ilyas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Generator Protections

Typical Arrangement of Large Power


Plant Electrical System
52C on HV side of GSU interrupts
lower currents than if it was connected 220kV Bus 220kV Bus
on the LV side of GSU

In case of a fault occurring inside


the generator following breakers
should be opened:
- 52C
- 52UAT1
- 41E
Types of Problems that can occur on a
Generator
Mechanical Problems
• Bearing Problems
• Lube Oil Problems
• Hydrogen Cooling System Problems
• Prime Mover Problems

Electrical Problems
• Generator Internal Faults
• Rotor Ground Faults
• Excitation System Faults
Other Abnormal Conditions
(System Induced Faults)
Excessive Stator • Over heating of stator windings
Currents

Over voltages • Damage to insulations

Under Frequency • Damage to turbine blades due to vibrations

Motoring of • Overheating and damage to Low pressure


Generator turbine blades

Unbalanced • Overheating of generator rotor due to –ve


Currents in Stator sequence component of current

Loss of • Slipping of pole


Synchronism
Types of Generator Protection Class
Types:
Class A With GCB
Class B Without GCB
Class C

Objectives of Classification:
• Damage is minimum
• Auxiliaries if possible are kept energized and time to restart the
unit is minimum
• Over speeding of Turbo Generator due to sudden load throw off is
avoided
Classification of Generator Protections
Class A Class B Class C
Trip Trip Trip
• All Electrical • All Mechanical • Protection for
Protection Trips Trips in which faults in the
within the Turbine will trip system, unit will be
Generator first, following this on House Load
• ~90% of Total Generator will be • 220kV bus bar
Generator Trips tripped on Low protection
• It Includes: Forward or Reverse
• Frequency
Power
• 52C Trip • Over voltages
• 41E Trip
• 52/UAT Trip
• Turbine Trip
Hand Reset Lockout Relay
ANSI CODE
86

10 NO Contacts
6 NC Contacts
Hand Reset Lockout Relay
ANSI CODE Multi Contact Aux Relay

86 Applicable where it is desired that a number of operations be


performed simultaneously from the operation of a single
relay

Functions
1. trip the main circuit breaker of a system
2. trip station auxiliary breakers
3. trip field breakers
4. trip and lock out all breakers on a bus
High Speed Tripping Relay
ANSI CODE
auxiliary relay which can be used where
94 a scheme demands several contacts

Functions
1.Event recording
2. Alarm initiation
3. Contact logic arrangements
Protection Against Internal Faults
(Differential Protection)
ANSI CODE
Cause

87 Internal faults (phase to phase and 3phase to


ground faults)

Effect
Gives rise to large amount of currents that can
damage the stator windings

Protection Scheme
Differential protection with CTs on each side of
generator (Unit Protection)
Differential Relay Working Principle

Fig 1: Normal Operating Condition

Fig 2: Ground fault in the alternator winding


Generator Differential Protection
ANSI 87
Trip#2 & Lockout 52C

Trip#1 & Lockout 52C


Lockout Relay

86-1 52C Breaker Failure Initiation

87-1 Trip and LO 41E Generator Field Breaker


Differential
Relay
Trip and LO 52/UAT1
94-1
High Speed Tripping
Relay Initiate Aux System Transfer

Turbine Trip

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