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Peter Norton Introduction To Computer

The document discusses the history and development of the Internet from ARPANET in the 1960s to the growth of commercial networks and widespread usage today. It describes major Internet services like the World Wide Web, email, file transfer, and search engines. It also covers how to access the Internet through providers and browse the web.

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Umar Aftab
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views

Peter Norton Introduction To Computer

The document discusses the history and development of the Internet from ARPANET in the 1960s to the growth of commercial networks and widespread usage today. It describes major Internet services like the World Wide Web, email, file transfer, and search engines. It also covers how to access the Internet through providers and browse the web.

Uploaded by

Umar Aftab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 2
The Internet and the World Wide Web
2A-3

The Internet’s History


• 1969 – ARPANET
• Developed by the Department of Defense
• Connected universities and defense bases
• 1973 – ARPANET connects to Europe
2A-4

ARPANET 1973
2A-5

The Internet’s History


• Mid-1980s – NSFNet
• Network between supercomputers
• Internet was the link to ARPANET
• No commercial traffic allowed
• 1990s
• ARPANET shut down
• NSFNet abandoned
• Commercial networks take over
2A-6

Today and the Future


• 100,000 new web sites per month
• More than 50% of U.S. households online
• Access is available throughout the U.S.
• Eventually access will be global
2A-7

U.S. Internet Growth


2A-8

The Internet’s Major Services


• The World Wide Web (WWW)
• Developed in 1993 by Tim-Berners Lee
• Allowed connection of documents
• Required a browser to read documents
• Electronic mail (e-mail)
• Instantaneous transmission of documents
2A-9

The Internet’s Major Services


• News
• Often called newsgroups
• Electronic discussions on several topics
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Sends and receives files
2A-10

The Internet’s Major Services


• Chat
• Public real time conversation
• Instant messaging
• Private real time conversation
• Peer-to-peer services
• Allows sharing of files among users
• Napster and Kazaa are examples
• Illegal to share copyrighted material
2A-11

Accessing The Internet


• Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Company that provides Internet access
• Dialup
• Connects to Internet through phone line
• Modem connects to the phone line
• Slow connection
2A-12

Accessing The Internet


• High-speed access
• Connect through a special line
• 2 – 25 times faster than dialup
• DSL, Cable, T1 are common
2A-13

Understanding the Internet


• The Internet allows accessing resources
• The Web simplifies the Internet
• The Web connects documents
• Hypertext creates links between documents
• Documents are stored on a web server
• HTTP delivers documents
2A-14

Understanding the Internet


• Web site is a collection of documents
• Document is a web page
• Pages are published to the web
• Hypertext Markup Language
• Creates web pages
• Describes how pages should look
• Content enclosed in tags
• <tag>content</tag>
2A-15

Understanding The Internet


• Browsers
• Read and translate the HTML
• Display web content
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Address of a web page
2A-16

Understanding The Internet


• Helper applications
• Plug-ins
• Enhance a browser’s functionality
• Streaming audio and video
• Sends the file in small chunks
• Chunks downloaded while others play
2A-17

Streaming Audio
2A-18

Using a Browser And The WWW


• Browser starts on the home page
• Navigating the web
• Enter a URL in the browser
• Click a link
• Links are typically blue underlined words
• Image maps are picture links
• When finished, close the browser
2A-19

Searching the Web


• The Web is unorganized
• Directories
• Categorize the Internet
• Search engines
• Find sites by keyword
2A-20

Searching the Web


• Site searches
• Large sites have an internal search
• Metasearch sites
• Search several web sites at once
• Sponsored links
• Sites pay for better search results
2A-21

Search Techniques
• Quote the exact phrase
• Use the keyword AND
• Use the keyword NEAR
• Avoid common words
• Use the site’s advanced tools
2B-22

Using E-mail
• Exchanges messages with other users
• Messages reach destination in seconds
• Mail waits in mailbox until opened
• Text, audio, pictures and video messages
2B-23

Using e-mail
• Configuring e-mail
• e-mail clients read and send e-mail
• Outlook and Eudora are common
• Need name of mail server
• Need username and password
• Hotmail and Yahoo are online clients
• No configuration needed
2B-24

Using e-mail
• e-mail addresses
• Unique address
• Allows sending and receiving
• [email protected]
• Listserv
• Lists of e-mail addresses
• Each address gets the e-mail
2B-25

Using e-mail
• e-mail actions
• Create a new message
• Send an attachment
• Reply to e-mail
• Open attachments
• Forward an e-mail
2B-26

Other Internet Features


• News
• Public board devoted to a topic
• Thousands of topics available
• Messages are called threads
• Users can create threads
• Users can comment on threads
• Need a news reader program
2B-27

Other Internet Features


• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Copies files from a remote computer
• FTP client is needed
• Some sites require a password
2B-28

Other Internet Features


• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
• Real time communication system
• Multi-users with many channels (rooms)
• Channels are dedicated to a topic
• All users can read the comments
2B-29

Other Internet Features


• Instant messaging (IM)
• Private, real-time communication
• Message sent only to listed users
• Buddy lists contain IM names
2B-30

Other Internet Services


• Online services
• Company that offers access by subscription
• Banks, games and research
• America Online offers content and Internet
2B-31

Other Internet Services


• Peer-to-peer (P2P) services
• User computers are connected together
• No centralized organization
• Users can communicate directly
• Users can share files

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