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Principles and Elements of Design Applied To Architecture

The document discusses six visual design elements: line, color, form and shape, space, texture, and value. It then covers seven principles of visual design: balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion and scale, movement, contrast, and unity.

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ankur sharma
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31 views

Principles and Elements of Design Applied To Architecture

The document discusses six visual design elements: line, color, form and shape, space, texture, and value. It then covers seven principles of visual design: balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion and scale, movement, contrast, and unity.

Uploaded by

ankur sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VISUAL DESIGN ELEMENTS

Six integral components used in the


creation of a design:

Line Space
Color Texture
Form and Shape Value
LINE
Types
Vertical – Represents dignity, formality, stability, and
strength
Horizontal – Represents calm, peace, and relaxation
Diagonal – Represents action, activity, excitement, and
movement
Curved – Represents freedom, the natural, having the
appearance of softness, and creates a soothing feeling
or mood
VERTICAL LINES

Skyscraper
Microsoft Office clipart
Madrid, Spain
The Empire State Brandenburg Gate
Building Berlin
Architect: Shreve, Lamb,
and Harmon
HORIZONTAL LINES
Microsoft Office clipart

Wikimedia.org

Community Christian Church


Kansas City, MO
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright, 1940
DIAGONAL LINES
Microsoft Office clipart

©iStockphoto.com
©iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart


CURVED LINES

Microsoft Office clipart

©iStockphoto.com

Sydney Opera House


Jorn Utzon
COLOR
Color has an
immediate and
profound effect on a
design.
©iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart

Saint Basil’s Cathedral


Microsoft Office clipart
Moscow
COLOR
©iStockphoto.com

Warm Colors
Reds, oranges, yellows

©iStockphoto.com

Cool Colors
Blues, purples, greens
COLOR

©iStockphoto.com

Colors can affect how humans feel and act


FORM AND SHAPE

Form: (3D)The shape and structure of something as


distinguished from its substance or material.

Shape: (2D)The two-dimensional contour that


characterizes an object or area.
FORM AND SHAPE
©iStockphoto.com
Microsoft Office clipart

Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus
Berlin, Germany

Oriental Pearl Tower


Shanghai
Architect: Jiang Huan Cheng,
Shanghai Modern Architectural
Design, Co.
SPACE
By incorporating the use of space
in your design, you can enlarge or reduce
the visual space. Microsoft Office clipart

Types
•Open, uncluttered
spaces
•Cramped, busy
spaces
Microsoft Office clipart

•Unused vs. good


use of space ©iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart


TEXTURE

The surface look or feel of something

Smooth Surface – Reflects more light and


therefore is a more intense color.
Rough Surface – Absorbs more light and
therefore appears darker.
SMOOTH TEXTURE

©iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart

Glass façade of a high Exterior metal façade of Disney Concert Hall


rise office building Los Angeles
ROUGH TEXTURE

©iStockphoto.com

Park Guell – Barcelona, Spain


Architect: Antonio Gaudí

©iStockphoto.com
VALUE

The relative lightness or darkness of a color

Methods
Shade – Degree of darkness of a color
Tint – A pale or faint variation of a color
VALUE
©iStockphoto.com

Downtown buildings in Bangalore, India


VISUAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Seven principles encompass an interesting
design.
•Balance
•Rhythm
•Emphasis
•Proportion and scale
•Movement
•Contrast
•Unity
BALANCE
Parts of the design are equally distributed to create
a sense of stability. Both physical and visual
balance exist.

Types
•Symmetrical or formal balance
•Asymmetrical or informal balance
•Radial balance
•Vertical balance
•Horizontal balance
Balance
Symmetrical or Formal Balance

THE ELEMENTS WITHIN THE DESIGN ARE IDENTICAL


IN RELATION TO A CENTERLINE OR AXIS.
©iStockphoto.com

The Taj Mahal Mausoleum


Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
BALANCE
Asymmetrical or Informal Balance

Parts of the design are not identical but are equal


in visual weight.

Wikipedia.org

Chateau de Chaumont
Saone-et-Loire, France
BALANCE
Radial Balance

Design elements radiate outward from the center.


Microsoft Office clipart
Microsoft Office clipart

Dresden Frauenkirche
Deresden, Germay Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
Milan, Italy
Architect: Giuseppe Mengoni
BALANCE
Vertical Balance
The top and bottom parts are equal.

Microsoft Office clipart


Balance
Horizontal Balance

The parts on the left and right sides are equal.


©istockphoto.com
Microsoft Office clipart

Hearst Castle
©iStockphoto.com

SanNunnery
Chi Lin Buddhist Temple and Simeon, CA Building façade
Kowloon City, Hong KongArchitect: Julia Morgan Limberg, Germany
BALANCE

Wikipendia.org
Rhythm
Repeated use of line, shape, color, texture
or pattern
Types
•Regular rhythm
•Graduated rhythm
•Random rhythm
•Gradated rhythm
RHYTHM
Regular Rhythm

An element is repeated at the same


repetition/interval each time.
Microsoft Office clipart

Microsoft Office clipart Microsoft Office clipart

Cube house design


Rotterdam, Netherlands
RHYTHM

Random Rhythm

The beats of the


element are random
or are at irregular
intervals.
RHYTHM
Gradated Rhythm

The repeated element is identical with the


exception of one detail increasing or
decreasing gradually with each repetition.
Microsoft Office clipart

Left: Stack of rocks used


as focal point in
landscaping

Right: The Chinese Tower


English Gardens
Munich, Germany

www.wikimedia.org Microsoft Office clipart


Wikipedia.org

EMPHASIS

The feature in a design that


attracts one’s eye – the
focal point
• Emphasis can be
achieved through size,
Ceiling mosaic in Park Gruell
placement, shape, color,
and/or use of lines Microsoft Office clipart

Microsoft Office clipart

Mosque - Egypt
PROPORTION AND SCALE
Microsoft Office clipart

Comparative
relationships between
elements in a design
with respect to size

3:5 ratio is known as


the Golden Mean
MOVEMENT
Microsoft Office clipart

Flow or feeling of action

Microsoft Office clipart

Microsoft Office clipart


CONTRAST
©iStockphoto.com

Noticeably different

Can be created with


•Color
•Proportion and scale
•Shape
•Texture
•Etc.
UNITY
Unity is achieved by the consistent use of lines,
color, material, and/or texture within a design.

©iStockphoto.com

©iStockphoto.com
Unity

©iStockphoto.com

©iStockphoto.com

Microsoft Office clipart


IMAGE RESOURCES

Microsoft, Inc. (2008). Clip art. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from


http://office. microsoft.com/en-us/clipart/default.aspx
Wikipedia. Retrieved January 7, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org
iStockphoto. Retrieved January 7, 2009 from
http://www.istockphoto.com/index.php
REFERENCES
The Empire State Building Official Internet Site (n.d.). Retrieved January 7,
2009, from http://www.esbnyc.com/
Great Buildings. (2009). Retrieved January 7, 2009, from
www.greatbuildings.com.
Heart Castle – Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument. (2009).
Retrieved January 7, 2009, from www.hearstcastle.org

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