Scribd
Upload
114 views

Automatic Identification and Data Capturing

The document discusses automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technologies used in material handling and manufacturing applications to directly enter data into computer systems. It describes common AIDC methods like barcodes, RFID, magnetic stripes, and optical character recognition. Specifically, it focuses on linear or one-dimensional barcodes, explaining how they work, common symbology standards like Code 39, and fixed and moving beam barcode scanners.

Uploaded by

habtamu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
114 views

Automatic Identification and Data Capturing

The document discusses automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) technologies used in material handling and manufacturing applications to directly enter data into computer systems. It describes common AIDC methods like barcodes, RFID, magnetic stripes, and optical character recognition. Specifically, it focuses on linear or one-dimensional barcodes, explaining how they work, common symbology standards like Code 39, and fixed and moving beam barcode scanners.

Uploaded by

habtamu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Debre Markos University

Technology College
Mechanical Engineering Department
AIDC

Habtamu M.(Msc)
 AIDC/ADC: refers to the technologies that provide direct entry of
data into a computer or other microprocessor controlled system
without using a keyboard.
 no human involvement in the data capture and entry process.
 used increasingly to collect data in material handling and manufacturing
applications.
 In material handling, the applications of ADC include:

 shipping and receiving,

 storage,
 sortation,

 order picking and

 kitting of parts for assembly.


 In Manufacturing:
 monitoring the status of order processing,
 work-in-process,
 machine utilization,
 worker attendance and other measures of factory performance &
operations.
1. Encoded data.
 A code is a set of symbols or signals (usually) representing alphanumeric
characters.
 When data are encoded, the characters are translated into a machine-
readable code.
 (For most ADC: techniques the encoded data are not readable by
humans.)
 A label or tag containing the encoded data is attached to the item that is
to be later identified.
2. Machine reader or scanner

 This device reads the encoded data, converting them to alternative


form, usually an electrical analog signal.
3. Decoder
 This component transforms the electrical signal into digital data and
finally back into the original alphanumeric characters.
1.Optical.
 Most of these technologies use high-contrast graphical symbols that can be
interpreted by an optical scanner.
 They include linear (one-dimensional) and two directional bar codes,
optical character recognition, and machine vision.
2. Magnetic.
 Encode data magnetically, similar to recording tape.
 The two important techniques in this category are:
 (a) magnetic stripe, widely used in plastic credit cards and bank access
cards, and
 (b) magnetic ink character recognition, widely used in the banking
industry for check processing
3. Electromagnetic: the important technology in this group is RFID.
4.Smart card: refers to small plastic cards imbedded with
microchips capable of containing large amounts of information.
5.Touch techniques: such as touch screens and button memory.
6. Biometric: These technologies are utilized to identify humans or
to interpret vocal commands of humans.
 They include voice recognition, fingerprint analysis, and retinal
eye scans
 Notice : Not all of these techniques are used in factory operations.
 Most widely used ADC methods in the factory are:

 Bar Codes

 Radio Frequency Methods

 Magnetic Stripes

 Optical Character Recognition

 Machine Vision
 Reasons using ADC Techniques:-

 Data Accuracy

 Timeliness

 Labor Reduction
 Divided into two categories:-
1. Linear(One-dimensional) Bar Codes

 Most widely used

 Has two forms of code symbologies

Width Modulated Height modulated


 In linear width-modulated bar code technology the symbol consist of:

 A sequence of wide and narrow colored bars(usually black) separated

by wide and narrow spaces(white for high contrast.)

 The pattern of bars and spaces is coded to represent numeric or

alphanumeric characters.

 The scanner emits a beam of light that is swept past the bar code and

senses light reflections to distinguish between the bars and spaces.


 The light reflections are sensed by a photo detector, which
converts the spaces into an electrical signal and the bars into
absence of an electrical signal.

Bar Code

Corresponding Electrical Signal


 The bar code standard adopted by the automotive industry, the
Department of Defense, the General Services Administration, and
many other manufacturing industries is Code 39, also known as
AIM USD-2 (Automatic Identification Manufacturers Uniform
Symbol Description-2.
 Code 39 uses a series of wide and narrow elements (bars and
spaces) to represent alphanumeric and other characters.
 The wide elements are equivalent to a binary value of one and the
narrow elements are equal to zero.
 The width of the wide bars and spaces is between two and three
times the width of the narrow bars and spaces.
 width must be uniform throughout the code for the
reader to be able to consistently interpret the resulting
pulse train.
 Fig. below presents the character structure for USD-2,
subset of 39.
 The reason for the name Code 39 is that nine elements (bars and
spaces) are used in each character and three of the elements are
wide.
 Each code begins and ends with either a wide or narrow bar.

 In addition to the character set in the bar code, there must also be
a so-called "quiet zone" both preceding and following the bar
code, in which there is no printing that might confuse the decoder.
A typical grouping of characters to
form a bar code in Code 39.
 A device that can scan bar codes on products and convert the
information into a digital format for processing by a computer.
 classified as contact or noncontact readers.
 Contact bar code readers are hand-held wands or light pens
operated by moving the tip of the wand quickly past the bar code
on the object or document.
 The wand tip must be in contact with the bar code surface or in
very dose proximity during the reading procedure.
 Noncontact bar code readers focus a light beam on the bar code, and a
photo detector reads the reflected signal to interpret the code.
 The reader probe is located a certain distance from the barcode
(several inches to several feet) during the read procedure.
 They can be Fixed beam & Moving beam scanners.
 Fixed beam readers are:
 Stationary units that use a fixed beam of light.
 Usually mounted beside the conveyer
 Applied typically in warehousing & MH operations
 Moving beam readers :-
Use highly focused beam of light actuated by a rotating mirror
to traverse an angular sweep in search of the bar code on the
object.
The high rotational speed of the mirror allows for very high scan
rates-up to 1440 scans/sec.
Fig. Stationary moving beam bar code scanner located along a
moving conveyor.
 labelsare printed in medium-to-large quantities for product
packages and the cartons used to ship the packaged products.
 Advantage of 2-D codes is their capacity to store much greater
amounts of data at higher area densities.
 Disadvantage is that special scanning equipment is required to read
the codes.
 Divide into two basic types: (1) stacked bar codes and (2) matrix
symbologies.

You might also like