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Hybridization

The document discusses different types of hybridization that can occur between atomic orbitals to allow for certain molecular geometries. It defines sigma and pi bonds, and describes three types of hybridization: sp3, where one s orbital mixes with three p orbitals; sp2, where one s orbital mixes with two p orbitals; and sp, where one s orbital mixes with one p orbital. Key parameters are provided for each type of hybridization, such as the angles between atoms and orbital planes.

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Jomareen Angela Estrada
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204 views19 pages

Hybridization

The document discusses different types of hybridization that can occur between atomic orbitals to allow for certain molecular geometries. It defines sigma and pi bonds, and describes three types of hybridization: sp3, where one s orbital mixes with three p orbitals; sp2, where one s orbital mixes with two p orbitals; and sp, where one s orbital mixes with one p orbital. Key parameters are provided for each type of hybridization, such as the angles between atoms and orbital planes.

Uploaded by

Jomareen Angela Estrada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYBRIDIZATION

• Is a theory that is used to explain certain


molecular geometries that would have not
been possible otherwise.
• The mixing of atomic orbitals to form special
orbitals for bonding.
TERMINOLOGIES
• sigma bond ( )- First bond made with any other atom
(hybridized orbital)
• pi bond ( ) – Any 2nd or 3rd bond made with any other
atom. (left over p orbitals)
• sp3 hybridized – one s orbital combined (hybrid) with
three p orbital
• sp2 hybridized - one s orbital combined (hybrid) with two
p orbital
• sp hybridized - one s orbital combined (hybrid) with one p
orbital
sp3 hybridized
sp2 hybridized
• occurs when the s orbital is mixed
with only two p orbitals as
opposed to the three p orbitals in
the sp3 hybridization. So, three
orbitals are mixed, and the
outcome is three hybrid orbitals
which are called sp2hybrid
orbitals.
Here are some key parameters about the sp2 hybridization
and double bonds that you need to know:

• All the atoms on the double bond are in one plane.

• The angle between atoms is 120o.

• The angle between the plane and p orbitals is 90o.


sp hybridized
• the s orbital of the excited state
carbon is mixed with only one out
of the three 2p orbitals. It is
called sp hybridization because
two orbitals (one s and one p) are
mixed
1. One hydrogen bonds to each carbon atom by
overlapping its s orbital with the other sporbital.
2. The two p orbitals of each carbon overlap to make
two π bonds.
3. The key parameters about the sp hybridization and
triple bond:
• All the atoms have linear geometry.
• The angle between atoms is 180o.
• In a triple bond there is one σ (sigma) and two π (pi)
bonds.
•Okay get ¼

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