LTE L16

Performance
Management and
Optimization
LTE Performance Management Introduction
Objectives of Chapter 1

After completion of this chapter the participants will be able to:

1. Explain the E-UTRAN Performance Management solution
1.1 Explain the E-UTRAN Optimization Solution
1.2 Describe how eNodeB counters are collected and stored
1.3 Describe the eNodeB counter types and structures
1.4 Explain briefly Quality of Service concepts in EPS

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-1
 EPS Architecture Packet
Switched
Networks

EPS (Evolved Packet System) SGi

EPC (Evolved
Packet Core)
2G/3G Core Network Gx
HSS PGW PCRF

MME S10 S6a S5/S8

SGs
NMS
MSC-S
S11
Mun
S3 MME SGW
OSS-RC
/ ENM
S4
SGSN S1-C S1-U
Mul
E-UTRAN X2
(Evolved
Uu
UMTS
Terrestrial
WCDMA/GSM eNodeB eNodeB
Radio
RAN Access X2 X2
Network ) eNodeB

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-2
Standardized QoS (TS23.203)
Packet Packet
QCI Resource Priority Delay Error Loss Example Services
Type Budget Rate

1 2 100 ms 10-2 Conversational Voice

2 4 150 ms 10-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
3 GBR 5 300 ms 10-6 Non-Conversational Video
(Buffered Streaming)

4 3 50 ms 10-3 Real Time Gaming

5 1 100 ms 10-6 IMS Signalling
Voice,
6 7 100 ms 10-3 Video (Live streaming)
Non-GBR Interactive Gaming
7 6 10-6 Video (Buffered Streaming)
8 8 300 ms TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp,
9 9 p2p file sharing, progressive video, etc.
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-3
 EPS Bearers
IMS Signaling (QCI 5) on Default Bearer
LTE QoS VoIP Traffic (QCI 1) on Dedicated Bearer

All other traffic (QCI 9) on Default Bearer

Dedicated Default
Bearer Bearer

Non-GBR GBR Non-GBR

QCI: Quality Class Indicator
APN: Access Point Name
QCI 5 - 9 QCI 1 - 4 QCI 5 - 9 AMBR: Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate
APN – AMBR GBR APN – AMBR UE: User Equipment
UE – AMBR MBR UE – AMBR TFT: Traffic Flow Template
TFT TFT APN ARP: Allocation Retention Priority
L-EBI: Linked EPS Bearer ID
ARP ARP IP Address GBP: Guaranteed Bit Rate
L-EBI L-EBI ARP MBR: Maximum Bit Rate
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-4
Default Bearer Establishment

NAS Activate Default

EPS Bearer Context
Request MME

S1AP Initial
Context GTP-C
Setup Create
Request Session
Request

eNodeB SGW PGW

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-5
Default Bearer (QCI 9)
NAS Activate Default
EPS Bearer Context
Request EPS Bearer Identity : 5 MME
QCI : (9) QCI 9
Access Point Name Value : ltemobile.apn.mnc18.mcc240.gprs
PDN Address : 25.125.184.99
Maximum Bit Rate for Uplink : (254) Indicate higher than 8640 kbps
Maximum Bit Rate for Downlink : (254) Indicate higher than 8640 kbps
Guaranteed Bit Rate for Uplink : (255) 0 kbps
Guaranteed Bit Rate for Downlink : (255) 0 kbps
Maximum Bit Rate for Downlink (extended) : (247) 250 Mbps
Maximum Bit Rate for Uplink (extended) : (158) 100 Mbps
Radio Priority Level Value : (4) Priority level 4 (lowest)
APN AMBR for Downlink : 250000 kbps
APN AMBR for Uplink : 100000 kbps
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-6
Default Bearer (QCI 5)
NAS Activate Default
EPS Bearer Context
Request EPS Bearer Identity : 6 MME
QCI : (5) QCI 5
Access Point Name Value : ims.mnc18.mcc240.gprs
PDN Address : 25.30.1.2
Maximum Bit Rate for Uplink : (247) 8192 kbps
Maximum Bit Rate for Downlink : (254) Indicate higher than 8640 kbps
Guaranteed Bit Rate for Uplink : (255) 0 kbps
Guaranteed Bit Rate for Downlink : (255) 0 kbps
Maximum Bit Rate for Downlink (extended) (100) 42 Mbps
Maximum Bit Rate for Uplink (extended) : Use the value indicated by …
Radio Priority Level Value : (1) Priority level 1 (highest)
APN AMBR for Downlink : 42000 kbps
APN AMBR for Uplink : 8192 kbps
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-7
Dedicated Bearer Establishment

NAS Activate Dedicated

EPS Bearer Context
Request MME

S1AP
E-RAB GTP-C
Setup Create
Request Bearer
Request

eNodeB SGW PGW

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-8
Dedicated Bearer (QCI 1)
NAS Activate Dedicated
EPS Bearer Context
MME
Request EPS Bearer Identity : 7
Linked EPS Bearer Identity Value : (6) EPS bearer identity value 6
QCI : (1) QCI 1
Maximum Bit Rate for Uplink : 30 kbps
Maximum Bit Rate for Downlink : 30 kbps
Guaranteed Bit Rate for Uplink : 30 kbps
Guaranteed Bit Rate for Downlink : 30 kbps
TFT Operation Code : (1) Create new TFT
Number of Packet Filters : 4
Packet Filter Identifier : 16
Component Type : (16) IPv4 source address type
Address : 10.133.144.22
Radio Priority Level Value : (1) Priority level 1 (highest)
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-9
EUTRAN Evolution
Business Plan

Performance Management
& Optimization Radio Network
Design

Commercial Site
Launch Acquisition

Site
Initial Tuning
Engineering

Civil
Integration
Works

Installation
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-10
 RAN Services

Drive Test Radio Network Statistics

Initial Tuning Optimization

• Antenna azimuth and/or downtilt changes • Parameter changes

• Other network configuration changes • Other network configuration changes
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-11
 LTE Performance Statistics
Performance Monitorings (PMs) Subscription Profiles
(also called ‘scanners’)
System Defined
System Defined To collect counters required for the
Created by the System Defined Subscription predefined reports. (Primary for eNodeB)
Profile (Primary for ENodeB)
User Defined
User Defined Created by a user to collect counters not
Created by the User Defined Subscription Profile contained in the predefined profile.

PMS file system

OSS-RC
Stats.xml

Stats.xml.gz
eNodeB

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-12
Counter handling

Digital Unit Baseband 52xx

Counter is an MO attribute: Counter is an instance of the MO MeasurementType:

ManagedElement=1 ManagedElement=1
+-ENodeBFunction=1 +-SystemFunctions=1
+-EUtranCellFDD=1 +-Pm=1
+-PmGroup=EUtranCellFDD
pmUeThpTimeDl +-MeasurementType=pmUeThpTimeDl

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-13
eNodeB Statistics Storage
Parameters (DU)
ManagedElement
+-SystemFunctions
+-PmService
maxNoOfCounters = 65000 {10000..350000}
maxNoOfMonitors = 10 {1..30}
maxNoOfPmFiles = 200 {10..200}
performanceDataPath = /c/pm_data/

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-14
eNodeB Statistics Storage
Parameters (Baseband 52xx)
ManagedElement
+-SystemFunctions
+-Pm
+-PmMeasurementCapabilities
maxNoOfJobs
maxNoOfPmFiles
maxNoOfMeasurements
fileLocation = /rop

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-15
 LTE Performance Recording
Performance Monitorings (PMs) Subscription Profiles
(also called ‘scanners’)
User Defined
User Defined Created by a user to collect events and
Created by the User Defined Subscription Profile radio related measurements applicable to
either a particular UE or cell

Trace

LTE UE Trace PMS file system

OSS-RC Recording.bin

LTE Cell Trace

eNodeB Recording.bin.gz
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-16
LTE Performance Data Analysis
BIS: Business Intelligence Server

Business Objects WAS: Windows Application Server

BIS WAS
Reports

Predefined Reports Predefined Reports User defined Reports

Sybase IQ Data
Warehouse

ENIQ
OSS-RC
PMS file system

OSS-RC Stats.xml

eNodeB
Stats.xml.gz
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-17
Optimization Solution
Data Engineer Performing Improved
Inputs Optimization KPIs

PM Statistics Accessibility
Network Optimization Activities
(Analysis ofStatistics, Logs and/or Drive
Knowledge of
Tests)
how the Retainability
System works
Periodical Reports
Preparation of
Integrity
Tools

Requirements Mobility
Corrective Actions
Performance
Management

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-18
EUTRAN Observability
Model
Key Performance Indicator (KPI) level End-user
Perception

Performance Indicator (PI) level

Procedure level

System
Characteristics
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-19
EUTRAN KPIs and PIs

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-20
Optimization Workflow
Preparation Analysis

Collection of Recommendation/
PM (Stats) Execution

Verification:
No Performance
Acceptable?

Yes

Performance
Management

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-21
 EUTRAN Counter Name
<pm><Measurement Family><Counter Specific><Filter><Cause>
pm Mandatory prefix to differentiate counters from other objects in the Managed Object Model (MOM).

Measurement Family Describes the measurement level, for example, RRC, PDCP and so on.

Counter Specific Describes the measurement for the counter and could be divided into three subparts, as follows:
<Operation><Reason/Result><Direction>
The Operation subpart is establishment, modification or termination
The Reason/Result subpart is attempt, failure, success, throughput, volume and so on
The Direction subpart is UL/DL or Incoming/Outgoing

Filter Describes the filter that has been applied to the measure, for example Max (maximum)

Cause Describes the cause for the reason or the result of the operation, for example, if the counter registers
when an RRC message is deleted due to failed integrity check, the Cause sub-name would be
Integrity.

Example: pmErabEstabSuccAdded
This counter counts the total number of successfully added E-RABs per
cell. Added E-RABs are all E-RABs present in the S1 message E-RAB
Setup Request.
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-22
Peg Counter
HOTEL ROLL
Count at end of ROP:
Peg

pmGuestsIn = 0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

To OSS
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-23
Gauge Counter
HOTEL ROLL
Count at end of ROP:
Gauge

pmGuestsInGauge = 0
5
4
3
2
1

To OSS
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-24
Accumulator and Scan
Counters
Accumulator 27
HOTEL ROLL Average = = =9
Scan 3
Count at end of ROP:
Accumulator and Scan

Accumulator counter:
pmSumSampGuests= 27
16
0
7 Sample

Scan counter:
pmNoOfSampGuests= 0
3
2
1 Sample

To OSS
morning
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-25
afternoon evening
Probability Density Function
HOTEL ROLL Sample every
3 minutes

Count at end of ROP:

PDF
Scan “counter in range”
pmNoOfGuests[0] 0
1 Sample

Scan “counter in range”

pmNoOfGuests[1-10] 0
3
2
1 Sample

Scan “counter in range”

pmNoOfGuests[11-25] 0
1 Sample

Normal: 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 22, 0
To OSS Compressed: 2, 5, 3, 9, 22
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-26
 Counter Type Examples
PEG: pmErabEstabAttInit
The total number of initial E-RAB Establishment attempts.
Example: 652 652 ERAB Establishment attempts
GAUGE: pmErabMax
The peak number of simultaneous E-RAB usage.
Example: 73 A peak of 73 simultaneous ERABs EUtranCellFDD
ACC: pmErabLevSum eNodeBxx
The accumulated number of simultaneous E-RAB usage.
Example: 7080
SCAN: pmErabLevSamp Average number of
Counts the number of times the corresponding
ERABs =
Sum counters has been incremented.
7080/180 = 39.33
Example: 180
Compressed: pmErabEstabAttInitQci
PDF The total number of initial E-RAB setup attempts per QCI
Example: 3,1,1,5,207,9,444 One attempt to establish a QCI 1 ERAB
207 attempts to establish a QCI 5 ERAB
444 attempts to establish a QCI 9 ERAB
Total = 1 + 207 + 444 = 652
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-27
EUTRAN Counter Descriptions
(DU)

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-28
MME Triggered UE Context
Release

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-29
 EUTRAN Counter Descriptions
(Baseband 52xx) (1/2)

Collection Method: Describes the aggregation method for the counter. Can be any of the following:
- Cumulative Counter (CC) - SUM for Accumulator (ACC), Peg and Scan counter
for Accumulator (ACC), Peg and Scan counter - AVG
- MIN for GAUGE
- Gauge counter - MAX
- LAST_UPDATE
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-30
EUTRAN Counter Descriptions
(Baseband 52xx) (2/2)

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-31
Summary of Chapter 1

The participants should now be able to:

1. Explain the E-UTRAN Performance Management solution
1.1 Explain the E-UTRAN Optimization Solution
1.2 Describe how eNodeB counters are collected and stored
1.3 Describe the eNodeB counter types and structures
1.4 Explain briefly Quality of Service concepts in EPS

© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-32
© Ericsson AB 2016 | LTE Performance Management Introduction | LZU1082166 R2A | Figure 1-33