AP-312 ENERGY SYSTEMS AND FIRE SAFETY

Lecture – 6
Content

Types of Wiring

Intent

In this Lecture student will acquaint

with Electricity measurement and
metering. The electricity authority,
act, rules and regulations.
Types of wiring according to uses
1. Domestic wiring.
2. Commercial wiring.
3. Industrial wiring.
ELECTRICAL WIRING

Electrical wiring is generally refers to

insulated conductor used to carry
current and associated device.
Types of Wiring

Cleat wiring

Batten wiring

Casing and capping

Conduit wiring
Cleat wiring

Cleat are made by porcelain and fixed on wall or ceiling at interval of 0.6
m. The cable is taken through the holes of each cleat. such a wiring is
cheap & use in temporary installation.
 Cleat wiring

Where cleat wiring is laid along an iron joist, porcelain cleats shall be
inserted either with varnished wood fillets or varnished wood clamps
securely fixed so as to prevent the conductors from coming in contact
with the metal along witch they are passing

Advantages: Disadvantages:
1. Easy installation.
1. Appearance is not good.
2. Materials can be retrieved for
reuse. 2. Open system of wiring
3. Flexibility provided for requiring regular cleaning.
inspection, modifications and
expansion. 3. Higher risk of mechanical
injury.
4. Relatively economical.
5. Skilled manpower not
required.
Batten Wiring

In Batten Wiring insulated wires are run on wooden battens. PVC wires
are run on well-seasoned straight teak wood battens. Batten Wiring is
cheap & takes comparatively less time to install.
 Batten Wiring

Advantages: Disadvantages:
1. Easy installation and is 1. Danger of mechanical injury.
durable
2. Danger of fire hazard.
2. Lower risk of short circuit.
3. Should not be exposed to
3. Cheaper than casing and direct sunlight.
capping system of wiring
4. Skilled workmen are
4. Gives a good appearance if required.
properly erected.
Casing and Capping
It consists of insulated conductors laid inside rectangular, teakwood or
PVC boxes having grooves inside it. A rectangular strip of wood called
capping having same width as that of casing is fixed over it. Both the
casing and the capping are screwed together at every 15 cms. Casing is
attached to the wall. Two or more wires of same polarity are drawn
through different grooves. The system is suitable for indoor and domestic
installations.
Casing and Capping
Casing and Capping
Advantage:
1. Cheaper than lead sheathed and conduit wiring.
2. Provides good isolation as the conductors are placed apart reducing
the risk of short circuit.
3. Easily accessible for inspection and repairs.
4. Since the wires are not exposed to atmosphere, insulation is less
affected by dust, dirt and climatic variations.

Dis advantage:
1. Highly inflammable.
2. Usage of unseasoned wood gets damaged by termites.
3. Skilled workmanship required
Conduit wiring
In this system PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or VIR cables are run through
metallic or PVC pipes providing good protection against mechanical injury
and fire due to short circuit. They are either embedded inside the walls or
supported over the walls, and are known as concealed wiring or surface
conduit wiring (open conduit) respectively. The conduits are buried inside
the walls on wooden gutties and the wires are drawn through them with
fish (steel) wires. The system is best suited for public buildings, industries
and workshops.
Conduit wiring
In this system PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or VIR cables are run through
metallic or PVC pipes providing good protection against mechanical injury
and fire due to short circuit. They are either embedded inside the walls or
supported over the walls, and are known as concealed wiring or surface
conduit wiring (open conduit) respectively. The conduits are buried inside
the walls on wooden gutties and the wires are drawn through them with
fish (steel) wires. The system is best suited for public buildings, industries
and workshops.
Conduit wiring
A
Conduit wiring
A
Conduit wiring
A
Conduit wiring
A
Conduit wiring
Advantages: Disadvantages:
1. No risk of fire and good protection 1. Very expensive system of
against mechanical injury. wiring.
2. The lead and return wires can be 2. Requires good skilled
carried in the same tube. workmanship.
3. Earthing and continuity is assured. 3. Erection is quiet
complicated and is time
4. Waterproof and trouble shooting is consuming.
easy.
4. Risk of short circuit under
5. Shock- proof with proper earthing wet conditions (due to
and bonding condensation of water in
6. Durable and maintenance free tubes).

7. Aesthetic in appearance
Electrical circuits
Electrical circuit
The path taken by electric current called the electric circuit.
Close circuit
the complete path for the flow of electrical current through the
load is called close circuit
Open circuit
if one of the supply wire is disconnected as fuse burns out, the
current will not flow through load; the circuit is called open circuit
 short circuit
if the supply mains are connected directly by a piece of wire
without any load, it is called short circuit
Earth or leaking circuit
If any wire at the main supply touched the body of appliances, then, it is
called the earth circuit
Current rating
The maximum value of the current that a conductor can pass without
damaging it, at atmospheric temperature(room temperature) is called
penetrating as current capacity of a conductor.
Fusing factor of cable
The minimum current at which a conductor melts is known as fusing
current of the cable. For increasing the life of a conductor and for safety
aspects the value of current passing through conductors should not be
more than its fusing current.
Fusing factor
This is the factor which expressed the minimum fusing current at which a
fuse remain is melt, divided by the current rating.
Fusing factor = [minimum fusing current at which fuse remains/current rating]
Ohm’s law
the electric potential difference between two points on a circuit (ΔV) is
equivalent to the product of the current between those two points (I) and
the total resistance of all electrical devices present between those two
points (R).
IαV = I α V/R
I = ΔV/R
For linear circuit Δ = 1
i.e. I= V/R; V= IR; and R = V/I
In this above expression V is potential difference in (volts), I is current in
ampere (A) and R is the resistance in ohms (Ω)
Electrical Circuit
 Electrical Circuit

Single light point controlled Two light points controlled

by a one way switch
by a one way switch
Electrical Circuit

Two light points controlled Single light point controlled

separately by two one way by a two way switch
switches
Electrical Circuit

Three light points Single fluorescent light

controlled by two way
switches and intermediate point controlled by a one
switch way switch
Electrical Circuit

Socket Outlet – Single Socket

Socket Outlets – Radial Connection

 Electrical Circuit
Sub circuits
Light and fan sub-circuit
Power sub-circuit.
After the main switch, the
supply shall be brought to a
distribution board. Separate
distribution boards shall be
used for light and power
circuits. Branch distribution
boards shall be provided with
a fuse on the live conductor of
each circuit while neutral
conductor of each circuit shall
be connected to a common Typical wiring
link capable of being
disconnected individually for
testing purposes. One spare
circuit of adequate capacity
shall be provided on each
branch distribution board.
Reference IS 4648
Bus-bar
 Further readings and references
http://en.wikipedia.org/
Reference IS 4648
NBC 2005
 Lesson test
Now write the questions below in next 15 to 20 minutes and submit at the
end of the class. No late submissions are accepted. Each lesson test marks
will be added to the final internal marks.

1. Write about electrical wiring?