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The document discusses the Foster-Seeley frequency discriminator, which is a type of FM detector circuit invented in 1936. It consists of a center-tapped transformer feeding two diodes in a full-wave rectifier. When the input is at the carrier frequency, the outputs are balanced and the output is zero. As the FM signal deviates above or below the carrier frequency, the balance is destroyed and an output voltage proportional to the frequency deviation is produced. While it offers good performance and linearity, it has disadvantages including high cost due to use of a transformer and difficulty incorporating into integrated circuits.

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Akashdeep Bhattacharjee
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89 views

Modified

The document discusses the Foster-Seeley frequency discriminator, which is a type of FM detector circuit invented in 1936. It consists of a center-tapped transformer feeding two diodes in a full-wave rectifier. When the input is at the carrier frequency, the outputs are balanced and the output is zero. As the FM signal deviates above or below the carrier frequency, the balance is destroyed and an output voltage proportional to the frequency deviation is produced. While it offers good performance and linearity, it has disadvantages including high cost due to use of a transformer and difficulty incorporating into integrated circuits.

Uploaded by

Akashdeep Bhattacharjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

TERM PAPER: OF ANALOG

COMMUNICATION
GROUP MEMBERS:
• 1> AKASHDEE BHATTACHARJEE -11500317129
• 2>AJAY SHAW – 11500317130
• 3>AMIT KUMAR SAMANTA- 11500317128

• TOPIC-FREQUENCY DISSCRIMINATORS
• FREQUENCY
DISCRIMINATORS
Abstract

The Foster-Seeley discriminator is a widely used FM detector.


The detector consists of a special center-
tapped transformer feeding two diodes in a full wave
DC rectifier circuit. When the input transformer is tuned to
the signal frequency, the output of the discriminator is zero.
When there is no deviation of the carrier, both halves of the
center tapped transformer are balanced. As the FM signal
swings in frequency above and below the carrier frequency,
the balance between the two halves of the center-tapped
secondary is destroyed and there is an output voltage
proportional to the frequency deviation.
Introduction
•
• Demodulation is extracting the original information-bearing
signal from a carrier wave. A demodulator is an electronic
circuit (or computer program in a software-defined radio) that is
used to recover the information content from the modulated
carrier wave. There are many types of modulation so there are
many types of demodulators. The signal output from a
demodulator may represent sound (an analog audio signal),
images (an analog video signal) or binary data (a digital signal).
• The Foster–Seeley discriminator is a common type of FM detector
circuit, invented in 1936 by Dudley E. Foster and Stuart William
Seeley. The circuit was envisioned for automatic frequency control
of receivers, but also found application in demodulating an FM
signal. It uses a tuned RF transformer to convert frequency
changes into amplitude changes. A transformer, tuned to
the carrier frequency, is connected to two rectifier diodes. The
circuit resembles a full-wave bridge rectifier.
THE GRAPH SKETCH IS….
Working Principle
EXPLANATION…
• The Foster Seeley detector or as it is
sometimes described the Foster Seeley
discriminator is quite similar to the ratio
detector at a first look. It has an RF
transformer and a pair of diodes, but there is
no third winding - instead a choke is used.
When an un-modulated carrier is applied at the centre frequency, both diodes
conduct, to produce equal and opposite voltages across their respective load
resistors. These voltages cancel each one another out at the output so that no
voltage is present. As the carrier moves off to one side of the centre frequency
the balance condition is destroyed, and one diode conducts more than the other.
This results in the voltage across one of the resistors being larger than the other,
and a resulting voltage at the output corresponding to the modulation on the
incoming signal.
The choke is required in the circuit to ensure that no RF signals appear at the
output. The capacitors C1 and C2 provide a similar filtering function.
Both the ratio detector and Foster-Seeley detectors are expensive to
manufacture. Any wound components like the RF transformers are expensive to
manufacture when compared with integrated circuits produced in vast numbers.
As a result the Foster Seeley discriminator as well as the ratio detector circuits
are rarely used in modern radio receivers as FM demodulators.
CONCLUSION

As with any circuit there are a number of advantages and disadvantages to be


considered when choosing between the various techniques available for FM
demodulation.
Advantages of Foster-Seeley FM discriminator:
Offers good level of performance and reasonable linearity.
Simple to construct using discrete components.
Provides higher output than the ratio detector
Provides a more linear output, i.e. lower distortion than the ratio detector
Disadvantages of Foster-Seeley FM discriminator:
Does not easily lend itself to being incorporated within an integrated circuit.
High cost of transformer.
Narrower bandwidth than the ratio detector

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