Scribd
Upload
49 views

Lesson 1

This document provides an overview of the fundamentals of database management systems (DBMS). It discusses key concepts like the database, DBMS, data models, and database users. The course will introduce relational databases and SQL. It will be taught over 15 hours of lectures and 12 hours of labs. Students will learn skills in database design, construction, modification, and use. Grading will be based on assignments, lab work and a final exam.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Adel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Lesson 1

This document provides an overview of the fundamentals of database management systems (DBMS). It discusses key concepts like the database, DBMS, data models, and database users. The course will introduce relational databases and SQL. It will be taught over 15 hours of lectures and 12 hours of labs. Students will learn skills in database design, construction, modification, and use. Grading will be based on assignments, lab work and a final exam.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Adel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Database Fundamentals

Lecturer: Salma Mamdouh


[email protected]
Room:3005

Made by:
Shahinaz S. Azab
Edited by:
Mona Saleh
Objective
This course is designed to introduce the fundamentals of
Databases. The students will develop skills in the design,
construction, modification, and use of databases. Structured Query
Language (SQL) will be emphasized.

Course Duration
Lectures:15 hrs.
Labs: 12 hrs.

References
Ramez Elmasri, Fundamentals of Database Systems
C. J. Date: An Introduction to Database Systems,

2
Grading System

Assignments and Lab Work 40%


Final Exam 60%

3
Chapter 1 : Introduction

After Completing this chapter, you should be able to


do the following:

• Define Database, Database System


• Identify the Database Properties
• Define DBMS
• Functions of DBMS
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Database
Systems

4
Example

5
Example

6
File Based System

•It is a collection of programs that perform services for


the end user.
•Each Program defines and manages its own data

7
Limitations Of File based System Approach

•Separation & Isolation Of data


•Duplication Of data
•Program Data Dependence
•Incompatible File Formats

8
Basic Definitions

• Database: A collection of related data.

• Database Management System (DBMS): A software


package/ system to facilitate the creation and
maintenance of a computerized database.

• Database System: The DBMS software together with


the data itself. Sometimes, the applications are also
included. ( Software + Database )

9
Database Management System (DBMS)
Users
Database System
Application Programs

DBMS Software to process


Software Queries

Software to access Stored Data

Stored DB
Stored
Definition
Database
(Metadata)

10
DBMS Advantages

• Controlling Redundancy.
• Restricting Unauthorized Access.
• Sharing data.
• Enforcing Integrity Constraints
• Inconsistency can be avoided.
• Providing Backup and Recovery.

11
DBMS Disadvantages

• Needs expertise to use


• DBMS is expensive
• May be incompatible with any other available DBMS

12
Database Users

• Database Administrator (DBA)


• System Analysts
• Database Designer
• Application programmers
• End users

13
DBMS Architecture
External Schema 1 External Schema 2 External Schema 3

Conceptual Schema

Physical Schema

Levels of Abstraction in a
DBMS
(Three Schema Architecture) Disk

14
Three Level/Schema Architecture

• External – What the user sees: focus on what different types of


users will see when viewing the database. They are concerned
with what data the user will see and how the data will be
presented to the user.

• Conceptual – The logical model: focus on the logical nature of


the data representation. They are concerned with what is
represented rather than how it is represented.(define database
structures such as tables and constraints)

• Internal – The physical model: place the emphasis on how the


data are represented in the database or on how the data
structures are implemented.

15
Mappings

• Definition: It is the processes of transforming requests


and results between levels.

• These mappings may be time-consuming. However,


a certain amount of mapping between the conceptual
and internal levels is necessary.

16
Data Independence

• The capacity to change the schema at one level


without having to change the schema at the next
higher level

17
Data Models

• High Level or Conceptual data models provide


concepts that are close to the way many users
perceive data, entities, attributes and relationships.
(Ex. ERD)

• Physical data models describes how data is stored in


the computer and the access path needed to access
and search for data.

18
DBMS Other Functions

• Data mining
• Spatial Data
• Image / Audio / Video
• Time Series

19
Data Warehouse

20
Big Data

• “Big Data” is data whose scale, distribution,


diversity, and/or timeliness require the use of new
technical architectures and analytics to enable
insights that unlock new sources of business
value.

Source: McKinsey May 2011 article Big Data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity

21
Big Data

• Key Characteristics

1. Volume
2. Velocity
3. Variety

22
Database Environment

23
Centralized Database Environment

• Mainframe environment

• Client/Server environment

• Internet Computing environment:

24
Distributed Database

25
Questions ?

26

You might also like